Japanese reference
重ねる
かさねる
to stack; to repeat
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | かさねる (kasaneru)stack |
| Polite, masu | かさねます (kasanemasu)stack |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | かさねない (kasanenai)do not stack |
| Polite negative | かさねません (kasanemasen)do not stack |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | かさねた (kasaneta)stacked |
| Polite past | かさねました (kasanemashita)stacked |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | かさねなかった (kasanenakatta)did not stack |
| Polite past negative | かさねませんでした (kasanemasendeshita)did not stack |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | かさねて (kasanete)stacking (and then) |
| Polite te-form | かさねまして (kasanemashite)stacking (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | かさねている (kasaneteiru)be stacking |
| Polite te-iru | かさねています (kasaneteimasu)be stacking |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | かさねれば (kasanereba)if you stack |
| Rare literary polite conditional | かさねますれば (kasanemasureba)if you stack (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | かさねたら (kasanetara)if you stack |
| Polite conditional, tara | かさねましたら (kasanemashitara)if you stack |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | かさねられる (kasanerareru)can stack |
| Polite potential | かさねられます (kasaneraremasu)can stack |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | かさねよう (kasaneyou)let's stack! |
| Polite volitional | かさねましょう (kasanemashou)let's stack! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | かさねたい (kasanetai)want to stack |
| Polite desire, tai | かさねたいです (kasanetaidesu)want to stack |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | かさねられる (kasanerareru)be affected when someone stacks |
| Polite passive | かさねられます (kasaneraremasu)be affected when someone stacks |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | かさねさせる (kasanesaseru)make or let someone stack |
| Polite causative | かさねさせます (kasanesasemasu)make or let someone stack |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | かさねさせられる (kasanesaserareru)be made to stack |
| Polite causative-passive | かさねさせられます (kasanesaseraremasu)be made to stack |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | かさねるな (kasaneruna)do not stack! |
| Polite negative request | かさねないでください (kasanenaidekudasai)please do not stack |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | かさねます (kasanemasu)stack |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | かさねません (kasanemasen)do not stack |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | かさねました (kasanemashita)stacked |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | かさねませんでした (kasanemasendeshita)did not stack |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | かさねてください (kasanetekudasai)please stack |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | かさねないでください (kasanenaidekudasai)please do not stack |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | かさねましょう (kasanemashou)let's stack! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | かさねてもいい (kasanetemoii)may stack |
| Polite permission | かさねてもいいです (kasanetemoiidesu)may stack |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | かさねてはいけない (kasanetehaikenai)must not stack |
| Polite prohibition | かさねてはいけません (kasanetehaikemasen)must not stack |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | かさねなさい (kasanenasai)stack (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | かさねてみる (kasanetemiru)try to stack |
| Polite try doing | かさねてみます (kasanetemimasu)try to stack |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | かさねてしまう (kasaneteshimau)stack completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | かさねてしまいます (kasaneteshimaimasu)stack completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | かさねておく (kasaneteoku)stack in advance |
| Polite preparation | かさねておきます (kasaneteokimasu)stack in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | かさねたことがある (kasanetakotogaaru)have the experience of: stacked |
| Polite past experience | かさねたことがあります (kasanetakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: stacked |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | かさねると (kasaneruto)whenever you stack |
| Polite automatic result | かさねますと (kasanemasuto)whenever you stack |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | かさねるなら (kasanerunara)if you mean to stack |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | かさねるだろう (kasanerudarou)probably stack |
| Polite probability | かさねるでしょう (kasanerudeshou)probably stack |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | かさねろ (kasanero)stack! |
| Polite request | かさねてください (kasanetekudasai)please stack |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.