Japanese reference
好む
このむ
to prefer; to like (formal or written)
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | このむ (konomu)prefer |
| Polite, masu | このみます (konomimasu)prefer |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | このまない (konomanai)do not prefer |
| Polite negative | このみません (konomimasen)do not prefer |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | このんだ (kononda)preferred |
| Polite past | このみました (konomimashita)preferred |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | このまなかった (konomanakatta)did not prefer |
| Polite past negative | このみませんでした (konomimasendeshita)did not prefer |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | このんで (kononde)preferring (and then) |
| Polite te-form | このみまして (konomimashite)preferring (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | このんでいる (konondeiru)prefer |
| Polite te-iru | このんでいます (konondeimasu)prefer |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | このめば (konomeba)if you prefer |
| Rare literary polite conditional | このみますれば (konomimasureba)if you prefer (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | このんだら (konondara)if you prefer |
| Polite conditional, tara | このみましたら (konomimashitara)if you prefer |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | このめる (konomeru)can prefer |
| Polite potential | このめます (konomemasu)can prefer |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | このもう (konomou)let's prefer! |
| Polite volitional | このみましょう (konomimashou)let's prefer! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | このみたい (konomitai)want to prefer |
| Polite desire, tai | このみたいです (konomitaidesu)want to prefer |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | このまれる (konomareru)be affected when someone prefers |
| Polite passive | このまれます (konomaremasu)be affected when someone prefers |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | このませる (konomaseru)make or let someone prefer |
| Polite causative | このませます (konomasemasu)make or let someone prefer |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | このませられる (konomaserareru)be made to prefer |
| Polite causative-passive | このませられます (konomaseraremasu)be made to prefer |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | このむな (konomuna)do not prefer! |
| Polite negative request | このまないでください (konomanaidekudasai)please do not prefer |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | このみます (konomimasu)prefer |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | このみません (konomimasen)do not prefer |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | このみました (konomimashita)preferred |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | このみませんでした (konomimasendeshita)did not prefer |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | このんでください (konondekudasai)please prefer |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | このまないでください (konomanaidekudasai)please do not prefer |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | このみましょう (konomimashou)let's prefer! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | このんでもいい (konondemoii)may prefer |
| Polite permission | このんでもいいです (konondemoiidesu)may prefer |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | このんではいけない (konondehaikenai)must not prefer |
| Polite prohibition | このんではいけません (konondehaikemasen)must not prefer |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | このみなさい (konominasai)prefer (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | このんでみる (konondemiru)try to prefer |
| Polite try doing | このんでみます (konondemimasu)try to prefer |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | このんでしまう (konondeshimau)prefer completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | このんでしまいます (konondeshimaimasu)prefer completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | このんでおく (konondeoku)prefer in advance |
| Polite preparation | このんでおきます (konondeokimasu)prefer in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | このんだことがある (konondakotogaaru)have the experience of: preferred |
| Polite past experience | このんだことがあります (konondakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: preferred |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | このむと (konomuto)whenever you prefer |
| Polite automatic result | このみますと (konomimasuto)whenever you prefer |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | このむなら (konomunara)if you mean to prefer |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | このむだろう (konomudarou)probably prefer |
| Polite probability | このむでしょう (konomudeshou)probably prefer |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | このめ (konome)prefer! |
| Polite request | このんでください (konondekudasai)please prefer |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.