Japanese reference
困る
こまる
to be in difficulty
Regular · 20 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | こまる (komaru)be in difficulty |
| Polite, masu | こまります (komarimasu)be in difficulty |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | こまらない (komaranai)not be in difficulty |
| Polite negative | こまりません (komarimasen)not be in difficulty |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | こまった (komatta)was in difficulty |
| Polite past | こまりました (komarimashita)was in difficulty |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | こまらなかった (komaranakatta)was not in difficulty |
| Polite past negative | こまりませんでした (komarimasendeshita)was not in difficulty |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | こまって (komatte)being in difficulty (and then) |
| Polite te-form | こまりまして (komarimashite)being in difficulty (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | こまっている (komatteiru)be in difficulty |
| Polite te-iru | こまっています (komatteimasu)be in difficulty |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | こまれば (komareba)if you are in difficulty |
| Rare literary polite conditional | こまりますれば (komarimasureba)if you are in difficulty (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | こまったら (komattara)if you are in difficulty |
| Polite conditional, tara | こまりましたら (komarimashitara)if you are in difficulty |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | こまられる (komarareru)be affected when someone is in difficulty |
| Polite passive | こまられます (komararemasu)be affected when someone is in difficulty |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | こまらせる (komaraseru)make or let someone be in difficulty |
| Polite causative | こまらせます (komarasemasu)make or let someone be in difficulty |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | こまらせられる (komaraserareru)be made to be in difficulty |
| Polite causative-passive | こまらせられます (komaraseraremasu)be made to be in difficulty |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | こまります (komarimasu)be in difficulty |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | こまりません (komarimasen)not be in difficulty |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | こまりました (komarimashita)was in difficulty |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | こまりませんでした (komarimasendeshita)was not in difficulty |
Aspect
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | こまってしまう (komatteshimau)be in difficulty completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | こまってしまいます (komatteshimaimasu)be in difficulty completely or regrettably |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | こまったことがある (komattakotogaaru)have the experience of: was in difficulty |
| Polite past experience | こまったことがあります (komattakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: was in difficulty |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | こまると (komaruto)whenever you be in difficulty |
| Polite automatic result | こまりますと (komarimasuto)whenever you be in difficulty |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | こまるなら (komarunara)if you mean to be in difficulty |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | こまるだろう (komarudarou)probably be in difficulty |
| Polite probability | こまるでしょう (komarudeshou)probably be in difficulty |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.