Japanese reference
学ぶ
まなぶ
to learn; gain knowledge through study or experience
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | まなぶ (manabu)learn |
| Polite, masu | まなびます (manabimasu)learn |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | まなばない (manabanai)do not learn |
| Polite negative | まなびません (manabimasen)do not learn |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | まなんだ (mananda)learned |
| Polite past | まなびました (manabimashita)learned |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | まなばなかった (manabanakatta)did not learn |
| Polite past negative | まなびませんでした (manabimasendeshita)did not learn |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | まなんで (manande)learning (and then) |
| Polite te-form | まなびまして (manabimashite)learning (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | まなんでいる (manandeiru)be learning |
| Polite te-iru | まなんでいます (manandeimasu)be learning |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | まなべば (manabeba)if you learn |
| Rare literary polite conditional | まなびますれば (manabimasureba)if you learn (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | まなんだら (manandara)if you learn |
| Polite conditional, tara | まなびましたら (manabimashitara)if you learn |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | まなべる (manaberu)can learn |
| Polite potential | まなべます (manabemasu)can learn |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | まなぼう (manabou)let's learn! |
| Polite volitional | まなびましょう (manabimashou)let's learn! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | まなびたい (manabitai)want to learn |
| Polite desire, tai | まなびたいです (manabitaidesu)want to learn |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | まなばれる (manabareru)be learned |
| Polite passive | まなばれます (manabaremasu)be learned |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | まなばせる (manabaseru)make or let someone learn |
| Polite causative | まなばせます (manabasemasu)make or let someone learn |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | まなばせられる (manabaserareru)be made to learn |
| Polite causative-passive | まなばせられます (manabaseraremasu)be made to learn |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | まなぶな (manabuna)do not learn! |
| Polite negative request | まなばないでください (manabanaidekudasai)please do not learn |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | まなびます (manabimasu)learn |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | まなびません (manabimasen)do not learn |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | まなびました (manabimashita)learned |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | まなびませんでした (manabimasendeshita)did not learn |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | まなんでください (manandekudasai)please learn |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | まなばないでください (manabanaidekudasai)please do not learn |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | まなびましょう (manabimashou)let's learn! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | まなんでもいい (manandemoii)may learn |
| Polite permission | まなんでもいいです (manandemoiidesu)may learn |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | まなんではいけない (manandehaikenai)must not learn |
| Polite prohibition | まなんではいけません (manandehaikemasen)must not learn |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | まなびなさい (manabinasai)learn (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | まなんでみる (manandemiru)try to learn |
| Polite try doing | まなんでみます (manandemimasu)try to learn |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | まなんでしまう (manandeshimau)learn completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | まなんでしまいます (manandeshimaimasu)learn completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | まなんでおく (manandeoku)learn in advance |
| Polite preparation | まなんでおきます (manandeokimasu)learn in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | まなんだことがある (manandakotogaaru)have the experience of: learned |
| Polite past experience | まなんだことがあります (manandakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: learned |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | まなぶと (manabuto)whenever you learn |
| Polite automatic result | まなびますと (manabimasuto)whenever you learn |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | まなぶなら (manabunara)if you mean to learn |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | まなぶだろう (manabudarou)probably learn |
| Polite probability | まなぶでしょう (manabudeshou)probably learn |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | まなべ (manabe)learn! |
| Polite request | まなんでください (manandekudasai)please learn |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.