Japanese reference
寝る
ねる
to go to bed; lie down; sleep
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | ねる (neru)go to bed |
| Polite, masu | ねます (nemasu)go to bed |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | ねない (nenai)do not go to bed |
| Polite negative | ねません (nemasen)do not go to bed |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | ねた (neta)went to bed |
| Polite past | ねました (nemashita)went to bed |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | ねなかった (nenakatta)did not go to bed |
| Polite past negative | ねませんでした (nemasendeshita)did not go to bed |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | ねて (nete)going to bed (and then) |
| Polite te-form | ねまして (nemashite)going to bed (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | ねている (neteiru)be asleep |
| Polite te-iru | ねています (neteimasu)be asleep |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | ねれば (nereba)if you go to bed |
| Rare literary polite conditional | ねますれば (nemasureba)if you go to bed (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | ねたら (netara)if you go to bed |
| Polite conditional, tara | ねましたら (nemashitara)if you go to bed |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | ねられる (nerareru)can go to bed |
| Polite potential | ねられます (neraremasu)can go to bed |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | ねよう (neyou)let's go to bed! |
| Polite volitional | ねましょう (nemashou)let's go to bed! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | ねたい (netai)want to go to bed |
| Polite desire, tai | ねたいです (netaidesu)want to go to bed |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | ねられる (nerareru)be affected when someone goes to bed |
| Polite passive | ねられます (neraremasu)be affected when someone goes to bed |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | ねさせる (nesaseru)make or let someone go to bed |
| Polite causative | ねさせます (nesasemasu)make or let someone go to bed |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | ねさせられる (nesaserareru)be made to go to bed |
| Polite causative-passive | ねさせられます (nesaseraremasu)be made to go to bed |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | ねるな (neruna)do not go to bed! |
| Polite negative request | ねないでください (nenaidekudasai)please do not go to bed |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | ねます (nemasu)go to bed |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | ねません (nemasen)do not go to bed |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | ねました (nemashita)went to bed |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | ねませんでした (nemasendeshita)did not go to bed |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | ねてください (netekudasai)please go to bed |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | ねないでください (nenaidekudasai)please do not go to bed |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | ねましょう (nemashou)let's go to bed! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | ねてもいい (netemoii)may go to bed |
| Polite permission | ねてもいいです (netemoiidesu)may go to bed |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | ねてはいけない (netehaikenai)must not go to bed |
| Polite prohibition | ねてはいけません (netehaikemasen)must not go to bed |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | ねなさい (nenasai)go to bed (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | ねてみる (netemiru)try to go to bed |
| Polite try doing | ねてみます (netemimasu)try to go to bed |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | ねてしまう (neteshimau)go to bed completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | ねてしまいます (neteshimaimasu)go to bed completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | ねておく (neteoku)go to bed in advance |
| Polite preparation | ねておきます (neteokimasu)go to bed in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | ねたことがある (netakotogaaru)have the experience of: went to bed |
| Polite past experience | ねたことがあります (netakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: went to bed |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | ねると (neruto)whenever you go to bed |
| Polite automatic result | ねますと (nemasuto)whenever you go to bed |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | ねるなら (nerunara)if you mean to go to bed |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | ねるだろう (nerudarou)probably go to bed |
| Polite probability | ねるでしょう (nerudeshou)probably go to bed |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | ねろ (nero)go to bed! |
| Polite request | ねてください (netekudasai)please go to bed |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.