Japanese reference
残す
のこす
to leave behind
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | のこす (nokosu)leave behind |
| Polite, masu | のこします (nokoshimasu)leave behind |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | のこさない (nokosanai)do not leave behind |
| Polite negative | のこしません (nokoshimasen)do not leave behind |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | のこした (nokoshita)left behind |
| Polite past | のこしました (nokoshimashita)left behind |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | のこさなかった (nokosanakatta)did not leave behind |
| Polite past negative | のこしませんでした (nokoshimasendeshita)did not leave behind |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | のこして (nokoshite)leaving behind (and then) |
| Polite te-form | のこしまして (nokoshimashite)leaving behind (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | のこしている (nokoshiteiru)be leaving behind |
| Polite te-iru | のこしています (nokoshiteimasu)be leaving behind |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | のこせば (nokoseba)if you leave behind |
| Rare literary polite conditional | のこしますれば (nokoshimasureba)if you leave behind (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | のこしたら (nokoshitara)if you leave behind |
| Polite conditional, tara | のこしましたら (nokoshimashitara)if you leave behind |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | のこせる (nokoseru)can leave behind |
| Polite potential | のこせます (nokosemasu)can leave behind |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | のこそう (nokosou)let's leave behind! |
| Polite volitional | のこしましょう (nokoshimashou)let's leave behind! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | のこしたい (nokoshitai)want to leave behind |
| Polite desire, tai | のこしたいです (nokoshitaidesu)want to leave behind |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | のこされる (nokosareru)be affected when someone leaves behind |
| Polite passive | のこされます (nokosaremasu)be affected when someone leaves behind |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | のこさせる (nokosaseru)make or let someone leave behind |
| Polite causative | のこさせます (nokosasemasu)make or let someone leave behind |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | のこさせられる (nokosaserareru)be made to leave behind |
| Polite causative-passive | のこさせられます (nokosaseraremasu)be made to leave behind |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | のこすな (nokosuna)do not leave behind! |
| Polite negative request | のこさないでください (nokosanaidekudasai)please do not leave behind |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | のこします (nokoshimasu)leave behind |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | のこしません (nokoshimasen)do not leave behind |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | のこしました (nokoshimashita)left behind |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | のこしませんでした (nokoshimasendeshita)did not leave behind |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | のこしてください (nokoshitekudasai)please leave behind |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | のこさないでください (nokosanaidekudasai)please do not leave behind |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | のこしましょう (nokoshimashou)let's leave behind! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | のこしてもいい (nokoshitemoii)may leave behind |
| Polite permission | のこしてもいいです (nokoshitemoiidesu)may leave behind |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | のこしてはいけない (nokoshitehaikenai)must not leave behind |
| Polite prohibition | のこしてはいけません (nokoshitehaikemasen)must not leave behind |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | のこしなさい (nokoshinasai)leave behind (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | のこしてみる (nokoshitemiru)try to leave behind |
| Polite try doing | のこしてみます (nokoshitemimasu)try to leave behind |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | のこしてしまう (nokoshiteshimau)leave behind completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | のこしてしまいます (nokoshiteshimaimasu)leave behind completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | のこしておく (nokoshiteoku)leave behind in advance |
| Polite preparation | のこしておきます (nokoshiteokimasu)leave behind in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | のこしたことがある (nokoshitakotogaaru)have the experience of: left behind |
| Polite past experience | のこしたことがあります (nokoshitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: left behind |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | のこすと (nokosuto)whenever you leave behind |
| Polite automatic result | のこしますと (nokoshimasuto)whenever you leave behind |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | のこすなら (nokosunara)if you mean to leave behind |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | のこすだろう (nokosudarou)probably leave behind |
| Polite probability | のこすでしょう (nokosudeshou)probably leave behind |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | のこせ (nokose)leave behind! |
| Polite request | のこしてください (nokoshitekudasai)please leave behind |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.