Japanese reference
尊敬する
そんけいする
to respect, look up to
Irregular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | そんけいする (sonkeisuru)respect |
| Polite, masu | そんけいします (sonkeishimasu)respect |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | そんけいしない (sonkeishinai)do not respect |
| Polite negative | そんけいしません (sonkeishimasen)do not respect |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | そんけいした (sonkeishita)respected |
| Polite past | そんけいしました (sonkeishimashita)respected |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | そんけいしなかった (sonkeishinakatta)did not respect |
| Polite past negative | そんけいしませんでした (sonkeishimasendeshita)did not respect |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | そんけいして (sonkeishite)respecting (and then) |
| Polite te-form | そんけいしまして (sonkeishimashite)respecting (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | そんけいしている (sonkeishiteiru)be respecting |
| Polite te-iru | そんけいしています (sonkeishiteimasu)be respecting |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | そんけいすれば (sonkeisureba)if you respect |
| Rare literary polite conditional | そんけいしますれば (sonkeishimasureba)if you respect (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | そんけいしたら (sonkeishitara)if you respect |
| Polite conditional, tara | そんけいしましたら (sonkeishimashitara)if you respect |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | そんけいできる (sonkeidekiru)can respect |
| Polite potential | そんけいできます (sonkeidekimasu)can respect |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | そんけいしよう (sonkeishiyou)let's respect! |
| Polite volitional | そんけいしましょう (sonkeishimashou)let's respect! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | そんけいしたい (sonkeishitai)want to respect |
| Polite desire, tai | そんけいしたいです (sonkeishitaidesu)want to respect |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | そんけいされる (sonkeisareru)be respected |
| Polite passive | そんけいされます (sonkeisaremasu)be respected |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | そんけいさせる (sonkeisaseru)make or let someone respect |
| Polite causative | そんけいさせます (sonkeisasemasu)make or let someone respect |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | そんけいさせられる (sonkeisaserareru)be made to respect |
| Polite causative-passive | そんけいさせられます (sonkeisaseraremasu)be made to respect |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | そんけいするな (sonkeisuruna)do not respect! |
| Polite negative request | そんけいしないでください (sonkeishinaidekudasai)please do not respect |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | そんけいします (sonkeishimasu)respect |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | そんけいしません (sonkeishimasen)do not respect |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | そんけいしました (sonkeishimashita)respected |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | そんけいしませんでした (sonkeishimasendeshita)did not respect |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | そんけいしてください (sonkeishitekudasai)please respect |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | そんけいしないでください (sonkeishinaidekudasai)please do not respect |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | そんけいしましょう (sonkeishimashou)let's respect! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | そんけいしてもいい (sonkeishitemoii)may respect |
| Polite permission | そんけいしてもいいです (sonkeishitemoiidesu)may respect |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | そんけいしてはいけない (sonkeishitehaikenai)must not respect |
| Polite prohibition | そんけいしてはいけません (sonkeishitehaikemasen)must not respect |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | そんけいしなさい (sonkeishinasai)respect (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | そんけいしてみる (sonkeishitemiru)try to respect |
| Polite try doing | そんけいしてみます (sonkeishitemimasu)try to respect |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | そんけいしてしまう (sonkeishiteshimau)respect completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | そんけいしてしまいます (sonkeishiteshimaimasu)respect completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | そんけいしておく (sonkeishiteoku)respect in advance |
| Polite preparation | そんけいしておきます (sonkeishiteokimasu)respect in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | そんけいしたことがある (sonkeishitakotogaaru)have the experience of: respected |
| Polite past experience | そんけいしたことがあります (sonkeishitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: respected |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | そんけいすると (sonkeisuruto)whenever you respect |
| Polite automatic result | そんけいしますと (sonkeishimasuto)whenever you respect |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | そんけいするなら (sonkeisurunara)if you mean to respect |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | そんけいするだろう (sonkeisurudarou)probably respect |
| Polite probability | そんけいするでしょう (sonkeisurudeshou)probably respect |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | そんけいしろ (sonkeishiro)respect! |
| Polite request | そんけいしてください (sonkeishitekudasai)please respect |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.