Japanese reference
存ずる
ぞんずる
to know; to think (humble)
Irregular · 20 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | ぞんずる (zonzuru)know |
| Polite, masu | ぞんじます (zonjimasu)know |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | ぞんじない (zonjinai)do not know |
| Polite negative | ぞんじません (zonjimasen)do not know |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | ぞんじた (zonjita)knew |
| Polite past | ぞんじました (zonjimashita)knew |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | ぞんじなかった (zonjinakatta)did not know |
| Polite past negative | ぞんじませんでした (zonjimasendeshita)did not know |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | ぞんじて (zonjite)knowing (and then) |
| Polite te-form | ぞんじまして (zonjimashite)knowing (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | ぞんじている (zonjiteiru)know |
| Polite te-iru | ぞんじています (zonjiteimasu)know |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | ぞんずれば (zonzureba)if you know |
| Rare literary polite conditional | ぞんじますれば (zonjimasureba)if you know (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | ぞんじたら (zonjitara)if you know |
| Polite conditional, tara | ぞんじましたら (zonjimashitara)if you know |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | ぞんじられる (zonjirareru)be affected when someone knows |
| Polite passive | ぞんじられます (zonjiraremasu)be affected when someone knows |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | ぞんじさせる (zonjisaseru)make or let someone know |
| Polite causative | ぞんじさせます (zonjisasemasu)make or let someone know |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | ぞんじさせられる (zonjisaserareru)be made to know |
| Polite causative-passive | ぞんじさせられます (zonjisaseraremasu)be made to know |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | ぞんじます (zonjimasu)know |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | ぞんじません (zonjimasen)do not know |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | ぞんじました (zonjimashita)knew |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | ぞんじませんでした (zonjimasendeshita)did not know |
Aspect
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | ぞんじてしまう (zonjiteshimau)know completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | ぞんじてしまいます (zonjiteshimaimasu)know completely or regrettably |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | ぞんじたことがある (zonjitakotogaaru)have the experience of: knew |
| Polite past experience | ぞんじたことがあります (zonjitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: knew |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | ぞんずると (zonzuruto)whenever you know |
| Polite automatic result | ぞんじますと (zonjimasuto)whenever you know |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | ぞんずるなら (zonzurunara)if you mean to know |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | ぞんずるだろう (zonzurudarou)probably know |
| Polite probability | ぞんずるでしょう (zonzurudeshou)probably know |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.