Japanese reference
尽くす
つくす
to exhaust; to do one's utmost
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | つくす (tsukusu)exhaust |
| Polite, masu | つくします (tsukushimasu)exhaust |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | つくさない (tsukusanai)do not exhaust |
| Polite negative | つくしません (tsukushimasen)do not exhaust |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | つくした (tsukushita)exhausted |
| Polite past | つくしました (tsukushimashita)exhausted |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | つくさなかった (tsukusanakatta)did not exhaust |
| Polite past negative | つくしませんでした (tsukushimasendeshita)did not exhaust |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | つくして (tsukushite)exhausting (and then) |
| Polite te-form | つくしまして (tsukushimashite)exhausting (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | つくしている (tsukushiteiru)be exhausting |
| Polite te-iru | つくしています (tsukushiteimasu)be exhausting |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | つくせば (tsukuseba)if you exhaust |
| Rare literary polite conditional | つくしますれば (tsukushimasureba)if you exhaust (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | つくしたら (tsukushitara)if you exhaust |
| Polite conditional, tara | つくしましたら (tsukushimashitara)if you exhaust |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | つくせる (tsukuseru)can exhaust |
| Polite potential | つくせます (tsukusemasu)can exhaust |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | つくそう (tsukusou)let's exhaust! |
| Polite volitional | つくしましょう (tsukushimashou)let's exhaust! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | つくしたい (tsukushitai)want to exhaust |
| Polite desire, tai | つくしたいです (tsukushitaidesu)want to exhaust |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | つくされる (tsukusareru)be affected when someone exhausts |
| Polite passive | つくされます (tsukusaremasu)be affected when someone exhausts |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | つくさせる (tsukusaseru)make or let someone exhaust |
| Polite causative | つくさせます (tsukusasemasu)make or let someone exhaust |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | つくさせられる (tsukusaserareru)be made to exhaust |
| Polite causative-passive | つくさせられます (tsukusaseraremasu)be made to exhaust |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | つくすな (tsukusuna)do not exhaust! |
| Polite negative request | つくさないでください (tsukusanaidekudasai)please do not exhaust |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | つくします (tsukushimasu)exhaust |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | つくしません (tsukushimasen)do not exhaust |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | つくしました (tsukushimashita)exhausted |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | つくしませんでした (tsukushimasendeshita)did not exhaust |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | つくしてください (tsukushitekudasai)please exhaust |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | つくさないでください (tsukusanaidekudasai)please do not exhaust |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | つくしましょう (tsukushimashou)let's exhaust! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | つくしてもいい (tsukushitemoii)may exhaust |
| Polite permission | つくしてもいいです (tsukushitemoiidesu)may exhaust |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | つくしてはいけない (tsukushitehaikenai)must not exhaust |
| Polite prohibition | つくしてはいけません (tsukushitehaikemasen)must not exhaust |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | つくしなさい (tsukushinasai)exhaust (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | つくしてみる (tsukushitemiru)try to exhaust |
| Polite try doing | つくしてみます (tsukushitemimasu)try to exhaust |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | つくしてしまう (tsukushiteshimau)exhaust completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | つくしてしまいます (tsukushiteshimaimasu)exhaust completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | つくしておく (tsukushiteoku)exhaust in advance |
| Polite preparation | つくしておきます (tsukushiteokimasu)exhaust in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | つくしたことがある (tsukushitakotogaaru)have the experience of: exhausted |
| Polite past experience | つくしたことがあります (tsukushitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: exhausted |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | つくすと (tsukusuto)whenever you exhaust |
| Polite automatic result | つくしますと (tsukushimasuto)whenever you exhaust |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | つくすなら (tsukusunara)if you mean to exhaust |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | つくすだろう (tsukusudarou)probably exhaust |
| Polite probability | つくすでしょう (tsukusudeshou)probably exhaust |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | つくせ (tsukuse)exhaust! |
| Polite request | つくしてください (tsukushitekudasai)please exhaust |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.