Japanese reference
成す
なす
to form; to make up
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | なす (nasu)form |
| Polite, masu | なします (nashimasu)form |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | なさない (nasanai)do not form |
| Polite negative | なしません (nashimasen)do not form |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | なした (nashita)formed |
| Polite past | なしました (nashimashita)formed |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | なさなかった (nasanakatta)did not form |
| Polite past negative | なしませんでした (nashimasendeshita)did not form |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | なして (nashite)forming (and then) |
| Polite te-form | なしまして (nashimashite)forming (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | なしている (nashiteiru)be forming |
| Polite te-iru | なしています (nashiteimasu)be forming |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | なせば (naseba)if you form |
| Rare literary polite conditional | なしますれば (nashimasureba)if you form (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | なしたら (nashitara)if you form |
| Polite conditional, tara | なしましたら (nashimashitara)if you form |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | なせる (naseru)can form |
| Polite potential | なせます (nasemasu)can form |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | なそう (nasou)let's form! |
| Polite volitional | なしましょう (nashimashou)let's form! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | なしたい (nashitai)want to form |
| Polite desire, tai | なしたいです (nashitaidesu)want to form |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | なされる (nasareru)be affected when someone forms |
| Polite passive | なされます (nasaremasu)be affected when someone forms |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | なさせる (nasaseru)make or let someone form |
| Polite causative | なさせます (nasasemasu)make or let someone form |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | なさせられる (nasaserareru)be made to form |
| Polite causative-passive | なさせられます (nasaseraremasu)be made to form |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | なすな (nasuna)do not form! |
| Polite negative request | なさないでください (nasanaidekudasai)please do not form |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | なします (nashimasu)form |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | なしません (nashimasen)do not form |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | なしました (nashimashita)formed |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | なしませんでした (nashimasendeshita)did not form |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | なしてください (nashitekudasai)please form |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | なさないでください (nasanaidekudasai)please do not form |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | なしましょう (nashimashou)let's form! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | なしてもいい (nashitemoii)may form |
| Polite permission | なしてもいいです (nashitemoiidesu)may form |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | なしてはいけない (nashitehaikenai)must not form |
| Polite prohibition | なしてはいけません (nashitehaikemasen)must not form |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | なしなさい (nashinasai)form (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | なしてみる (nashitemiru)try to form |
| Polite try doing | なしてみます (nashitemimasu)try to form |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | なしてしまう (nashiteshimau)form completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | なしてしまいます (nashiteshimaimasu)form completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | なしておく (nashiteoku)form in advance |
| Polite preparation | なしておきます (nashiteokimasu)form in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | なしたことがある (nashitakotogaaru)have the experience of: formed |
| Polite past experience | なしたことがあります (nashitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: formed |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | なすと (nasuto)whenever you form |
| Polite automatic result | なしますと (nashimasuto)whenever you form |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | なすなら (nasunara)if you mean to form |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | なすだろう (nasudarou)probably form |
| Polite probability | なすでしょう (nasudeshou)probably form |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | なせ (nase)form! |
| Polite request | なしてください (nashitekudasai)please form |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.