Japanese reference
手伝う
てつだう
to help out
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | てつだう (tetsudau)help out |
| Polite, masu | てつだいます (tetsudaimasu)help out |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | てつだわない (tetsudawanai)do not help out |
| Polite negative | てつだいません (tetsudaimasen)do not help out |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | てつだった (tetsudatta)helped out |
| Polite past | てつだいました (tetsudaimashita)helped out |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | てつだわなかった (tetsudawanakatta)did not help out |
| Polite past negative | てつだいませんでした (tetsudaimasendeshita)did not help out |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | てつだって (tetsudatte)helping out (and then) |
| Polite te-form | てつだいまして (tetsudaimashite)helping out (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | てつだっている (tetsudatteiru)be helping out |
| Polite te-iru | てつだっています (tetsudatteimasu)be helping out |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | てつだえば (tetsudaeba)if you help out |
| Rare literary polite conditional | てつだいますれば (tetsudaimasureba)if you help out (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | てつだったら (tetsudattara)if you help out |
| Polite conditional, tara | てつだいましたら (tetsudaimashitara)if you help out |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | てつだえる (tetsudaeru)can help out |
| Polite potential | てつだえます (tetsudaemasu)can help out |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | てつだおう (tetsudaou)let's help out! |
| Polite volitional | てつだいましょう (tetsudaimashou)let's help out! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | てつだいたい (tetsudaitai)want to help out |
| Polite desire, tai | てつだいたいです (tetsudaitaidesu)want to help out |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | てつだわれる (tetsudawareru)be affected when someone helps out |
| Polite passive | てつだわれます (tetsudawaremasu)be affected when someone helps out |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | てつだわせる (tetsudawaseru)make or let someone help out |
| Polite causative | てつだわせます (tetsudawasemasu)make or let someone help out |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | てつだわせられる (tetsudawaserareru)be made to help out |
| Polite causative-passive | てつだわせられます (tetsudawaseraremasu)be made to help out |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | てつだうな (tetsudauna)do not help out! |
| Polite negative request | てつだわないでください (tetsudawanaidekudasai)please do not help out |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | てつだいます (tetsudaimasu)help out |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | てつだいません (tetsudaimasen)do not help out |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | てつだいました (tetsudaimashita)helped out |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | てつだいませんでした (tetsudaimasendeshita)did not help out |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | てつだってください (tetsudattekudasai)please help out |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | てつだわないでください (tetsudawanaidekudasai)please do not help out |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | てつだいましょう (tetsudaimashou)let's help out! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | てつだってもいい (tetsudattemoii)may help out |
| Polite permission | てつだってもいいです (tetsudattemoiidesu)may help out |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | てつだってはいけない (tetsudattehaikenai)must not help out |
| Polite prohibition | てつだってはいけません (tetsudattehaikemasen)must not help out |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | てつだいなさい (tetsudainasai)help out (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | てつだってみる (tetsudattemiru)try to help out |
| Polite try doing | てつだってみます (tetsudattemimasu)try to help out |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | てつだってしまう (tetsudatteshimau)help out completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | てつだってしまいます (tetsudatteshimaimasu)help out completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | てつだっておく (tetsudatteoku)help out in advance |
| Polite preparation | てつだっておきます (tetsudatteokimasu)help out in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | てつだったことがある (tetsudattakotogaaru)have the experience of: helped out |
| Polite past experience | てつだったことがあります (tetsudattakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: helped out |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | てつだうと (tetsudauto)whenever you help out |
| Polite automatic result | てつだいますと (tetsudaimasuto)whenever you help out |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | てつだうなら (tetsudaunara)if you mean to help out |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | てつだうだろう (tetsudaudarou)probably help out |
| Polite probability | てつだうでしょう (tetsudaudeshou)probably help out |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | てつだえ (tetsudae)help out! |
| Polite request | てつだってください (tetsudattekudasai)please help out |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.