Japanese reference
押さえる
おさえる
to hold down; to secure
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | おさえる (osaeru)hold down |
| Polite, masu | おさえます (osaemasu)hold down |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | おさえない (osaenai)do not hold down |
| Polite negative | おさえません (osaemasen)do not hold down |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | おさえた (osaeta)held down |
| Polite past | おさえました (osaemashita)held down |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | おさえなかった (osaenakatta)did not hold down |
| Polite past negative | おさえませんでした (osaemasendeshita)did not hold down |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | おさえて (osaete)holding down (and then) |
| Polite te-form | おさえまして (osaemashite)holding down (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | おさえている (osaeteiru)be holding down |
| Polite te-iru | おさえています (osaeteimasu)be holding down |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | おさえれば (osaereba)if you hold down |
| Rare literary polite conditional | おさえますれば (osaemasureba)if you hold down (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | おさえたら (osaetara)if you hold down |
| Polite conditional, tara | おさえましたら (osaemashitara)if you hold down |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | おさえられる (osaerareru)can hold down |
| Polite potential | おさえられます (osaeraremasu)can hold down |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | おさえよう (osaeyou)let's hold down! |
| Polite volitional | おさえましょう (osaemashou)let's hold down! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | おさえたい (osaetai)want to hold down |
| Polite desire, tai | おさえたいです (osaetaidesu)want to hold down |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | おさえられる (osaerareru)be affected when someone holds down |
| Polite passive | おさえられます (osaeraremasu)be affected when someone holds down |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | おさえさせる (osaesaseru)make or let someone hold down |
| Polite causative | おさえさせます (osaesasemasu)make or let someone hold down |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | おさえさせられる (osaesaserareru)be made to hold down |
| Polite causative-passive | おさえさせられます (osaesaseraremasu)be made to hold down |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | おさえるな (osaeruna)do not hold down! |
| Polite negative request | おさえないでください (osaenaidekudasai)please do not hold down |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | おさえます (osaemasu)hold down |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | おさえません (osaemasen)do not hold down |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | おさえました (osaemashita)held down |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | おさえませんでした (osaemasendeshita)did not hold down |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | おさえてください (osaetekudasai)please hold down |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | おさえないでください (osaenaidekudasai)please do not hold down |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | おさえましょう (osaemashou)let's hold down! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | おさえてもいい (osaetemoii)may hold down |
| Polite permission | おさえてもいいです (osaetemoiidesu)may hold down |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | おさえてはいけない (osaetehaikenai)must not hold down |
| Polite prohibition | おさえてはいけません (osaetehaikemasen)must not hold down |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | おさえなさい (osaenasai)hold down (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | おさえてみる (osaetemiru)try to hold down |
| Polite try doing | おさえてみます (osaetemimasu)try to hold down |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | おさえてしまう (osaeteshimau)hold down completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | おさえてしまいます (osaeteshimaimasu)hold down completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | おさえておく (osaeteoku)hold down in advance |
| Polite preparation | おさえておきます (osaeteokimasu)hold down in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | おさえたことがある (osaetakotogaaru)have the experience of: held down |
| Polite past experience | おさえたことがあります (osaetakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: held down |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | おさえると (osaeruto)whenever you hold down |
| Polite automatic result | おさえますと (osaemasuto)whenever you hold down |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | おさえるなら (osaerunara)if you mean to hold down |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | おさえるだろう (osaerudarou)probably hold down |
| Polite probability | おさえるでしょう (osaerudeshou)probably hold down |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | おさえろ (osaero)hold down! |
| Polite request | おさえてください (osaetekudasai)please hold down |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.