Japanese reference
振る
ふる
to wave; to shake
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | ふる (furu)wave |
| Polite, masu | ふります (furimasu)wave |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | ふらない (furanai)do not wave |
| Polite negative | ふりません (furimasen)do not wave |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | ふった (futta)waved |
| Polite past | ふりました (furimashita)waved |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | ふらなかった (furanakatta)did not wave |
| Polite past negative | ふりませんでした (furimasendeshita)did not wave |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | ふって (futte)waving (and then) |
| Polite te-form | ふりまして (furimashite)waving (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | ふっている (futteiru)be waving |
| Polite te-iru | ふっています (futteimasu)be waving |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | ふれば (fureba)if you wave |
| Rare literary polite conditional | ふりますれば (furimasureba)if you wave (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | ふったら (futtara)if you wave |
| Polite conditional, tara | ふりましたら (furimashitara)if you wave |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | ふれる (fureru)can wave |
| Polite potential | ふれます (furemasu)can wave |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | ふろう (furou)let's wave! |
| Polite volitional | ふりましょう (furimashou)let's wave! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | ふりたい (furitai)want to wave |
| Polite desire, tai | ふりたいです (furitaidesu)want to wave |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | ふられる (furareru)be waved |
| Polite passive | ふられます (furaremasu)be waved |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | ふらせる (furaseru)make or let someone wave |
| Polite causative | ふらせます (furasemasu)make or let someone wave |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | ふらせられる (furaserareru)be made to wave |
| Polite causative-passive | ふらせられます (furaseraremasu)be made to wave |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | ふるな (furuna)do not wave! |
| Polite negative request | ふらないでください (furanaidekudasai)please do not wave |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | ふります (furimasu)wave |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | ふりません (furimasen)do not wave |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | ふりました (furimashita)waved |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | ふりませんでした (furimasendeshita)did not wave |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | ふってください (futtekudasai)please wave |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | ふらないでください (furanaidekudasai)please do not wave |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | ふりましょう (furimashou)let's wave! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | ふってもいい (futtemoii)may wave |
| Polite permission | ふってもいいです (futtemoiidesu)may wave |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | ふってはいけない (futtehaikenai)must not wave |
| Polite prohibition | ふってはいけません (futtehaikemasen)must not wave |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | ふりなさい (furinasai)wave (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | ふってみる (futtemiru)try to wave |
| Polite try doing | ふってみます (futtemimasu)try to wave |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | ふってしまう (futteshimau)wave completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | ふってしまいます (futteshimaimasu)wave completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | ふっておく (futteoku)wave in advance |
| Polite preparation | ふっておきます (futteokimasu)wave in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | ふったことがある (futtakotogaaru)have the experience of: waved |
| Polite past experience | ふったことがあります (futtakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: waved |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | ふると (furuto)whenever you wave |
| Polite automatic result | ふりますと (furimasuto)whenever you wave |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | ふるなら (furunara)if you mean to wave |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | ふるだろう (furudarou)probably wave |
| Polite probability | ふるでしょう (furudeshou)probably wave |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | ふれ (fure)wave! |
| Polite request | ふってください (futtekudasai)please wave |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.