Japanese reference
掃く
はく
to sweep
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | はく (haku)sweep |
| Polite, masu | はきます (hakimasu)sweep |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | はかない (hakanai)do not sweep |
| Polite negative | はきません (hakimasen)do not sweep |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | はいた (haita)swept |
| Polite past | はきました (hakimashita)swept |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | はかなかった (hakanakatta)did not sweep |
| Polite past negative | はきませんでした (hakimasendeshita)did not sweep |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | はいて (haite)sweeping (and then) |
| Polite te-form | はきまして (hakimashite)sweeping (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | はいている (haiteiru)be sweeping |
| Polite te-iru | はいています (haiteimasu)be sweeping |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | はけば (hakeba)if you sweep |
| Rare literary polite conditional | はきますれば (hakimasureba)if you sweep (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | はいたら (haitara)if you sweep |
| Polite conditional, tara | はきましたら (hakimashitara)if you sweep |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | はける (hakeru)can sweep |
| Polite potential | はけます (hakemasu)can sweep |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | はこう (hakou)let's sweep! |
| Polite volitional | はきましょう (hakimashou)let's sweep! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | はきたい (hakitai)want to sweep |
| Polite desire, tai | はきたいです (hakitaidesu)want to sweep |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | はかれる (hakareru)be affected when someone sweeps |
| Polite passive | はかれます (hakaremasu)be affected when someone sweeps |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | はかせる (hakaseru)make or let someone sweep |
| Polite causative | はかせます (hakasemasu)make or let someone sweep |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | はかせられる (hakaserareru)be made to sweep |
| Polite causative-passive | はかせられます (hakaseraremasu)be made to sweep |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | はくな (hakuna)do not sweep! |
| Polite negative request | はかないでください (hakanaidekudasai)please do not sweep |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | はきます (hakimasu)sweep |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | はきません (hakimasen)do not sweep |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | はきました (hakimashita)swept |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | はきませんでした (hakimasendeshita)did not sweep |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | はいてください (haitekudasai)please sweep |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | はかないでください (hakanaidekudasai)please do not sweep |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | はきましょう (hakimashou)let's sweep! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | はいてもいい (haitemoii)may sweep |
| Polite permission | はいてもいいです (haitemoiidesu)may sweep |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | はいてはいけない (haitehaikenai)must not sweep |
| Polite prohibition | はいてはいけません (haitehaikemasen)must not sweep |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | はきなさい (hakinasai)sweep (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | はいてみる (haitemiru)try to sweep |
| Polite try doing | はいてみます (haitemimasu)try to sweep |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | はいてしまう (haiteshimau)sweep completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | はいてしまいます (haiteshimaimasu)sweep completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | はいておく (haiteoku)sweep in advance |
| Polite preparation | はいておきます (haiteokimasu)sweep in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | はいたことがある (haitakotogaaru)have the experience of: swept |
| Polite past experience | はいたことがあります (haitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: swept |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | はくと (hakuto)whenever you sweep |
| Polite automatic result | はきますと (hakimasuto)whenever you sweep |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | はくなら (hakunara)if you mean to sweep |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | はくだろう (hakudarou)probably sweep |
| Polite probability | はくでしょう (hakudeshou)probably sweep |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | はけ (hake)sweep! |
| Polite request | はいてください (haitekudasai)please sweep |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.