Japanese reference
支える
ささえる
to support
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | ささえる (sasaeru)support |
| Polite, masu | ささえます (sasaemasu)support |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | ささえない (sasaenai)do not support |
| Polite negative | ささえません (sasaemasen)do not support |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | ささえた (sasaeta)supported |
| Polite past | ささえました (sasaemashita)supported |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | ささえなかった (sasaenakatta)did not support |
| Polite past negative | ささえませんでした (sasaemasendeshita)did not support |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | ささえて (sasaete)supporting (and then) |
| Polite te-form | ささえまして (sasaemashite)supporting (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | ささえている (sasaeteiru)be supporting |
| Polite te-iru | ささえています (sasaeteimasu)be supporting |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | ささえれば (sasaereba)if you support |
| Rare literary polite conditional | ささえますれば (sasaemasureba)if you support (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | ささえたら (sasaetara)if you support |
| Polite conditional, tara | ささえましたら (sasaemashitara)if you support |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | ささえられる (sasaerareru)can support |
| Polite potential | ささえられます (sasaeraremasu)can support |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | ささえよう (sasaeyou)let's support! |
| Polite volitional | ささえましょう (sasaemashou)let's support! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | ささえたい (sasaetai)want to support |
| Polite desire, tai | ささえたいです (sasaetaidesu)want to support |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | ささえられる (sasaerareru)be affected when someone supports |
| Polite passive | ささえられます (sasaeraremasu)be affected when someone supports |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | ささえさせる (sasaesaseru)make or let someone support |
| Polite causative | ささえさせます (sasaesasemasu)make or let someone support |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | ささえさせられる (sasaesaserareru)be made to support |
| Polite causative-passive | ささえさせられます (sasaesaseraremasu)be made to support |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | ささえるな (sasaeruna)do not support! |
| Polite negative request | ささえないでください (sasaenaidekudasai)please do not support |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | ささえます (sasaemasu)support |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | ささえません (sasaemasen)do not support |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | ささえました (sasaemashita)supported |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | ささえませんでした (sasaemasendeshita)did not support |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | ささえてください (sasaetekudasai)please support |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | ささえないでください (sasaenaidekudasai)please do not support |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | ささえましょう (sasaemashou)let's support! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | ささえてもいい (sasaetemoii)may support |
| Polite permission | ささえてもいいです (sasaetemoiidesu)may support |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | ささえてはいけない (sasaetehaikenai)must not support |
| Polite prohibition | ささえてはいけません (sasaetehaikemasen)must not support |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | ささえなさい (sasaenasai)support (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | ささえてみる (sasaetemiru)try to support |
| Polite try doing | ささえてみます (sasaetemimasu)try to support |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | ささえてしまう (sasaeteshimau)support completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | ささえてしまいます (sasaeteshimaimasu)support completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | ささえておく (sasaeteoku)support in advance |
| Polite preparation | ささえておきます (sasaeteokimasu)support in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | ささえたことがある (sasaetakotogaaru)have the experience of: supported |
| Polite past experience | ささえたことがあります (sasaetakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: supported |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | ささえると (sasaeruto)whenever you support |
| Polite automatic result | ささえますと (sasaemasuto)whenever you support |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | ささえるなら (sasaerunara)if you mean to support |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | ささえるだろう (sasaerudarou)probably support |
| Polite probability | ささえるでしょう (sasaerudeshou)probably support |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | ささえろ (sasaero)support! |
| Polite request | ささえてください (sasaetekudasai)please support |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.