Japanese reference
避ける
さける
to avoid
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | さける (sakeru)avoid |
| Polite, masu | さけます (sakemasu)avoid |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | さけない (sakenai)do not avoid |
| Polite negative | さけません (sakemasen)do not avoid |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | さけた (saketa)avoided |
| Polite past | さけました (sakemashita)avoided |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | さけなかった (sakenakatta)did not avoid |
| Polite past negative | さけませんでした (sakemasendeshita)did not avoid |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | さけて (sakete)avoiding (and then) |
| Polite te-form | さけまして (sakemashite)avoiding (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | さけている (saketeiru)be avoiding |
| Polite te-iru | さけています (saketeimasu)be avoiding |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | さければ (sakereba)if you avoid |
| Rare literary polite conditional | さけますれば (sakemasureba)if you avoid (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | さけたら (saketara)if you avoid |
| Polite conditional, tara | さけましたら (sakemashitara)if you avoid |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | さけられる (sakerareru)can avoid |
| Polite potential | さけられます (sakeraremasu)can avoid |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | さけよう (sakeyou)let's avoid! |
| Polite volitional | さけましょう (sakemashou)let's avoid! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | さけたい (saketai)want to avoid |
| Polite desire, tai | さけたいです (saketaidesu)want to avoid |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | さけられる (sakerareru)be affected when someone avoids |
| Polite passive | さけられます (sakeraremasu)be affected when someone avoids |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | さけさせる (sakesaseru)make or let someone avoid |
| Polite causative | さけさせます (sakesasemasu)make or let someone avoid |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | さけさせられる (sakesaserareru)be made to avoid |
| Polite causative-passive | さけさせられます (sakesaseraremasu)be made to avoid |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | さけるな (sakeruna)do not avoid! |
| Polite negative request | さけないでください (sakenaidekudasai)please do not avoid |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | さけます (sakemasu)avoid |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | さけません (sakemasen)do not avoid |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | さけました (sakemashita)avoided |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | さけませんでした (sakemasendeshita)did not avoid |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | さけてください (saketekudasai)please avoid |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | さけないでください (sakenaidekudasai)please do not avoid |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | さけましょう (sakemashou)let's avoid! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | さけてもいい (saketemoii)may avoid |
| Polite permission | さけてもいいです (saketemoiidesu)may avoid |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | さけてはいけない (saketehaikenai)must not avoid |
| Polite prohibition | さけてはいけません (saketehaikemasen)must not avoid |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | さけなさい (sakenasai)avoid (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | さけてみる (saketemiru)try to avoid |
| Polite try doing | さけてみます (saketemimasu)try to avoid |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | さけてしまう (saketeshimau)avoid completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | さけてしまいます (saketeshimaimasu)avoid completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | さけておく (saketeoku)avoid in advance |
| Polite preparation | さけておきます (saketeokimasu)avoid in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | さけたことがある (saketakotogaaru)have the experience of: avoided |
| Polite past experience | さけたことがあります (saketakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: avoided |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | さけると (sakeruto)whenever you avoid |
| Polite automatic result | さけますと (sakemasuto)whenever you avoid |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | さけるなら (sakerunara)if you mean to avoid |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | さけるだろう (sakerudarou)probably avoid |
| Polite probability | さけるでしょう (sakerudeshou)probably avoid |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | さけろ (sakero)avoid! |
| Polite request | さけてください (saketekudasai)please avoid |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.