Japanese reference
改善する
かいぜんする
to improve
Irregular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | かいぜんする (kaizensuru)improve |
| Polite, masu | かいぜんします (kaizenshimasu)improve |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | かいぜんしない (kaizenshinai)do not improve |
| Polite negative | かいぜんしません (kaizenshimasen)do not improve |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | かいぜんした (kaizenshita)improved |
| Polite past | かいぜんしました (kaizenshimashita)improved |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | かいぜんしなかった (kaizenshinakatta)did not improve |
| Polite past negative | かいぜんしませんでした (kaizenshimasendeshita)did not improve |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | かいぜんして (kaizenshite)improving (and then) |
| Polite te-form | かいぜんしまして (kaizenshimashite)improving (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | かいぜんしている (kaizenshiteiru)be improving |
| Polite te-iru | かいぜんしています (kaizenshiteimasu)be improving |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | かいぜんすれば (kaizensureba)if you improve |
| Rare literary polite conditional | かいぜんしますれば (kaizenshimasureba)if you improve (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | かいぜんしたら (kaizenshitara)if you improve |
| Polite conditional, tara | かいぜんしましたら (kaizenshimashitara)if you improve |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | かいぜんできる (kaizendekiru)can improve |
| Polite potential | かいぜんできます (kaizendekimasu)can improve |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | かいぜんしよう (kaizenshiyou)let's improve! |
| Polite volitional | かいぜんしましょう (kaizenshimashou)let's improve! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | かいぜんしたい (kaizenshitai)want to improve |
| Polite desire, tai | かいぜんしたいです (kaizenshitaidesu)want to improve |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | かいぜんされる (kaizensareru)be improved |
| Polite passive | かいぜんされます (kaizensaremasu)be improved |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | かいぜんさせる (kaizensaseru)make or let someone improve |
| Polite causative | かいぜんさせます (kaizensasemasu)make or let someone improve |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | かいぜんさせられる (kaizensaserareru)be made to improve |
| Polite causative-passive | かいぜんさせられます (kaizensaseraremasu)be made to improve |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | かいぜんするな (kaizensuruna)do not improve! |
| Polite negative request | かいぜんしないでください (kaizenshinaidekudasai)please do not improve |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | かいぜんします (kaizenshimasu)improve |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | かいぜんしません (kaizenshimasen)do not improve |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | かいぜんしました (kaizenshimashita)improved |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | かいぜんしませんでした (kaizenshimasendeshita)did not improve |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | かいぜんしてください (kaizenshitekudasai)please improve |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | かいぜんしないでください (kaizenshinaidekudasai)please do not improve |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | かいぜんしましょう (kaizenshimashou)let's improve! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | かいぜんしてもいい (kaizenshitemoii)may improve |
| Polite permission | かいぜんしてもいいです (kaizenshitemoiidesu)may improve |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | かいぜんしてはいけない (kaizenshitehaikenai)must not improve |
| Polite prohibition | かいぜんしてはいけません (kaizenshitehaikemasen)must not improve |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | かいぜんしなさい (kaizenshinasai)improve (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | かいぜんしてみる (kaizenshitemiru)try to improve |
| Polite try doing | かいぜんしてみます (kaizenshitemimasu)try to improve |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | かいぜんしてしまう (kaizenshiteshimau)improve completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | かいぜんしてしまいます (kaizenshiteshimaimasu)improve completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | かいぜんしておく (kaizenshiteoku)improve in advance |
| Polite preparation | かいぜんしておきます (kaizenshiteokimasu)improve in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | かいぜんしたことがある (kaizenshitakotogaaru)have the experience of: improved |
| Polite past experience | かいぜんしたことがあります (kaizenshitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: improved |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | かいぜんすると (kaizensuruto)whenever you improve |
| Polite automatic result | かいぜんしますと (kaizenshimasuto)whenever you improve |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | かいぜんするなら (kaizensurunara)if you mean to improve |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | かいぜんするだろう (kaizensurudarou)probably improve |
| Polite probability | かいぜんするでしょう (kaizensurudeshou)probably improve |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | かいぜんしろ (kaizenshiro)improve! |
| Polite request | かいぜんしてください (kaizenshitekudasai)please improve |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.