Japanese reference
数える
かぞえる
to count
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | かぞえる (kazoeru)count |
| Polite, masu | かぞえます (kazoemasu)count |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | かぞえない (kazoenai)do not count |
| Polite negative | かぞえません (kazoemasen)do not count |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | かぞえた (kazoeta)counted |
| Polite past | かぞえました (kazoemashita)counted |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | かぞえなかった (kazoenakatta)did not count |
| Polite past negative | かぞえませんでした (kazoemasendeshita)did not count |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | かぞえて (kazoete)counting (and then) |
| Polite te-form | かぞえまして (kazoemashite)counting (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | かぞえている (kazoeteiru)be counting |
| Polite te-iru | かぞえています (kazoeteimasu)be counting |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | かぞえれば (kazoereba)if you count |
| Rare literary polite conditional | かぞえますれば (kazoemasureba)if you count (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | かぞえたら (kazoetara)if you count |
| Polite conditional, tara | かぞえましたら (kazoemashitara)if you count |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | かぞえられる (kazoerareru)can count |
| Polite potential | かぞえられます (kazoeraremasu)can count |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | かぞえよう (kazoeyou)let's count! |
| Polite volitional | かぞえましょう (kazoemashou)let's count! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | かぞえたい (kazoetai)want to count |
| Polite desire, tai | かぞえたいです (kazoetaidesu)want to count |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | かぞえられる (kazoerareru)be affected when someone counts |
| Polite passive | かぞえられます (kazoeraremasu)be affected when someone counts |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | かぞえさせる (kazoesaseru)make or let someone count |
| Polite causative | かぞえさせます (kazoesasemasu)make or let someone count |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | かぞえさせられる (kazoesaserareru)be made to count |
| Polite causative-passive | かぞえさせられます (kazoesaseraremasu)be made to count |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | かぞえるな (kazoeruna)do not count! |
| Polite negative request | かぞえないでください (kazoenaidekudasai)please do not count |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | かぞえます (kazoemasu)count |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | かぞえません (kazoemasen)do not count |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | かぞえました (kazoemashita)counted |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | かぞえませんでした (kazoemasendeshita)did not count |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | かぞえてください (kazoetekudasai)please count |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | かぞえないでください (kazoenaidekudasai)please do not count |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | かぞえましょう (kazoemashou)let's count! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | かぞえてもいい (kazoetemoii)may count |
| Polite permission | かぞえてもいいです (kazoetemoiidesu)may count |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | かぞえてはいけない (kazoetehaikenai)must not count |
| Polite prohibition | かぞえてはいけません (kazoetehaikemasen)must not count |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | かぞえなさい (kazoenasai)count (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | かぞえてみる (kazoetemiru)try to count |
| Polite try doing | かぞえてみます (kazoetemimasu)try to count |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | かぞえてしまう (kazoeteshimau)count completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | かぞえてしまいます (kazoeteshimaimasu)count completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | かぞえておく (kazoeteoku)count in advance |
| Polite preparation | かぞえておきます (kazoeteokimasu)count in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | かぞえたことがある (kazoetakotogaaru)have the experience of: counted |
| Polite past experience | かぞえたことがあります (kazoetakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: counted |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | かぞえると (kazoeruto)whenever you count |
| Polite automatic result | かぞえますと (kazoemasuto)whenever you count |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | かぞえるなら (kazoerunara)if you mean to count |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | かぞえるだろう (kazoerudarou)probably count |
| Polite probability | かぞえるでしょう (kazoerudeshou)probably count |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | かぞえろ (kazoero)count! |
| Polite request | かぞえてください (kazoetekudasai)please count |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.