Japanese reference
望む
のぞむ
to hope for; to desire
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | のぞむ (nozomu)hope for |
| Polite, masu | のぞみます (nozomimasu)hope for |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | のぞまない (nozomanai)do not hope for |
| Polite negative | のぞみません (nozomimasen)do not hope for |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | のぞんだ (nozonda)hoped for |
| Polite past | のぞみました (nozomimashita)hoped for |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | のぞまなかった (nozomanakatta)did not hope for |
| Polite past negative | のぞみませんでした (nozomimasendeshita)did not hope for |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | のぞんで (nozonde)hoping for (and then) |
| Polite te-form | のぞみまして (nozomimashite)hoping for (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | のぞんでいる (nozondeiru)be hoping for |
| Polite te-iru | のぞんでいます (nozondeimasu)be hoping for |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | のぞめば (nozomeba)if you hope for |
| Rare literary polite conditional | のぞみますれば (nozomimasureba)if you hope for (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | のぞんだら (nozondara)if you hope for |
| Polite conditional, tara | のぞみましたら (nozomimashitara)if you hope for |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | のぞめる (nozomeru)can hope for |
| Polite potential | のぞめます (nozomemasu)can hope for |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | のぞもう (nozomou)let's hope for! |
| Polite volitional | のぞみましょう (nozomimashou)let's hope for! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | のぞみたい (nozomitai)want to hope for |
| Polite desire, tai | のぞみたいです (nozomitaidesu)want to hope for |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | のぞまれる (nozomareru)be affected when someone hopes for |
| Polite passive | のぞまれます (nozomaremasu)be affected when someone hopes for |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | のぞませる (nozomaseru)make or let someone hope for |
| Polite causative | のぞませます (nozomasemasu)make or let someone hope for |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | のぞませられる (nozomaserareru)be made to hope for |
| Polite causative-passive | のぞませられます (nozomaseraremasu)be made to hope for |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | のぞむな (nozomuna)do not hope for! |
| Polite negative request | のぞまないでください (nozomanaidekudasai)please do not hope for |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | のぞみます (nozomimasu)hope for |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | のぞみません (nozomimasen)do not hope for |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | のぞみました (nozomimashita)hoped for |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | のぞみませんでした (nozomimasendeshita)did not hope for |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | のぞんでください (nozondekudasai)please hope for |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | のぞまないでください (nozomanaidekudasai)please do not hope for |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | のぞみましょう (nozomimashou)let's hope for! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | のぞんでもいい (nozondemoii)may hope for |
| Polite permission | のぞんでもいいです (nozondemoiidesu)may hope for |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | のぞんではいけない (nozondehaikenai)must not hope for |
| Polite prohibition | のぞんではいけません (nozondehaikemasen)must not hope for |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | のぞみなさい (nozominasai)hope for (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | のぞんでみる (nozondemiru)try to hope for |
| Polite try doing | のぞんでみます (nozondemimasu)try to hope for |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | のぞんでしまう (nozondeshimau)hope for completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | のぞんでしまいます (nozondeshimaimasu)hope for completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | のぞんでおく (nozondeoku)hope for in advance |
| Polite preparation | のぞんでおきます (nozondeokimasu)hope for in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | のぞんだことがある (nozondakotogaaru)have the experience of: hoped for |
| Polite past experience | のぞんだことがあります (nozondakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: hoped for |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | のぞむと (nozomuto)whenever you hope for |
| Polite automatic result | のぞみますと (nozomimasuto)whenever you hope for |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | のぞむなら (nozomunara)if you mean to hope for |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | のぞむだろう (nozomudarou)probably hope for |
| Polite probability | のぞむでしょう (nozomudeshou)probably hope for |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | のぞめ (nozome)hope for! |
| Polite request | のぞんでください (nozondekudasai)please hope for |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.