Japanese reference
除く
のぞく
to exclude; to remove
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | のぞく (nozoku)exclude |
| Polite, masu | のぞきます (nozokimasu)exclude |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | のぞかない (nozokanai)do not exclude |
| Polite negative | のぞきません (nozokimasen)do not exclude |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | のぞいた (nozoita)excluded |
| Polite past | のぞきました (nozokimashita)excluded |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | のぞかなかった (nozokanakatta)did not exclude |
| Polite past negative | のぞきませんでした (nozokimasendeshita)did not exclude |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | のぞいて (nozoite)excluding (and then) |
| Polite te-form | のぞきまして (nozokimashite)excluding (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | のぞいている (nozoiteiru)be excluding |
| Polite te-iru | のぞいています (nozoiteimasu)be excluding |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | のぞけば (nozokeba)if you exclude |
| Rare literary polite conditional | のぞきますれば (nozokimasureba)if you exclude (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | のぞいたら (nozoitara)if you exclude |
| Polite conditional, tara | のぞきましたら (nozokimashitara)if you exclude |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | のぞける (nozokeru)can exclude |
| Polite potential | のぞけます (nozokemasu)can exclude |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | のぞこう (nozokou)let's exclude! |
| Polite volitional | のぞきましょう (nozokimashou)let's exclude! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | のぞきたい (nozokitai)want to exclude |
| Polite desire, tai | のぞきたいです (nozokitaidesu)want to exclude |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | のぞかれる (nozokareru)be affected when someone excludes |
| Polite passive | のぞかれます (nozokaremasu)be affected when someone excludes |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | のぞかせる (nozokaseru)make or let someone exclude |
| Polite causative | のぞかせます (nozokasemasu)make or let someone exclude |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | のぞかせられる (nozokaserareru)be made to exclude |
| Polite causative-passive | のぞかせられます (nozokaseraremasu)be made to exclude |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | のぞくな (nozokuna)do not exclude! |
| Polite negative request | のぞかないでください (nozokanaidekudasai)please do not exclude |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | のぞきます (nozokimasu)exclude |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | のぞきません (nozokimasen)do not exclude |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | のぞきました (nozokimashita)excluded |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | のぞきませんでした (nozokimasendeshita)did not exclude |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | のぞいてください (nozoitekudasai)please exclude |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | のぞかないでください (nozokanaidekudasai)please do not exclude |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | のぞきましょう (nozokimashou)let's exclude! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | のぞいてもいい (nozoitemoii)may exclude |
| Polite permission | のぞいてもいいです (nozoitemoiidesu)may exclude |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | のぞいてはいけない (nozoitehaikenai)must not exclude |
| Polite prohibition | のぞいてはいけません (nozoitehaikemasen)must not exclude |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | のぞきなさい (nozokinasai)exclude (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | のぞいてみる (nozoitemiru)try to exclude |
| Polite try doing | のぞいてみます (nozoitemimasu)try to exclude |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | のぞいてしまう (nozoiteshimau)exclude completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | のぞいてしまいます (nozoiteshimaimasu)exclude completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | のぞいておく (nozoiteoku)exclude in advance |
| Polite preparation | のぞいておきます (nozoiteokimasu)exclude in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | のぞいたことがある (nozoitakotogaaru)have the experience of: excluded |
| Polite past experience | のぞいたことがあります (nozoitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: excluded |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | のぞくと (nozokuto)whenever you exclude |
| Polite automatic result | のぞきますと (nozokimasuto)whenever you exclude |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | のぞくなら (nozokunara)if you mean to exclude |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | のぞくだろう (nozokudarou)probably exclude |
| Polite probability | のぞくでしょう (nozokudeshou)probably exclude |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | のぞけ (nozoke)exclude! |
| Polite request | のぞいてください (nozoitekudasai)please exclude |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.