Japanese reference
残る
のこる
to remain; to be left
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | のこる (nokoru)remain |
| Polite, masu | のこります (nokorimasu)remain |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | のこらない (nokoranai)do not remain |
| Polite negative | のこりません (nokorimasen)do not remain |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | のこった (nokotta)remained |
| Polite past | のこりました (nokorimashita)remained |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | のこらなかった (nokoranakatta)did not remain |
| Polite past negative | のこりませんでした (nokorimasendeshita)did not remain |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | のこって (nokotte)remaining (and then) |
| Polite te-form | のこりまして (nokorimashite)remaining (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | のこっている (nokotteiru)remain |
| Polite te-iru | のこっています (nokotteimasu)remain |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | のこれば (nokoreba)if you remain |
| Rare literary polite conditional | のこりますれば (nokorimasureba)if you remain (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | のこったら (nokottara)if you remain |
| Polite conditional, tara | のこりましたら (nokorimashitara)if you remain |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | のこれる (nokoreru)can remain |
| Polite potential | のこれます (nokoremasu)can remain |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | のころう (nokorou)let's remain! |
| Polite volitional | のこりましょう (nokorimashou)let's remain! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | のこりたい (nokoritai)want to remain |
| Polite desire, tai | のこりたいです (nokoritaidesu)want to remain |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | のこられる (nokorareru)be affected when someone remains |
| Polite passive | のこられます (nokoraremasu)be affected when someone remains |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | のこらせる (nokoraseru)make or let someone remain |
| Polite causative | のこらせます (nokorasemasu)make or let someone remain |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | のこらせられる (nokoraserareru)be made to remain |
| Polite causative-passive | のこらせられます (nokoraseraremasu)be made to remain |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | のこるな (nokoruna)do not remain! |
| Polite negative request | のこらないでください (nokoranaidekudasai)please do not remain |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | のこります (nokorimasu)remain |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | のこりません (nokorimasen)do not remain |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | のこりました (nokorimashita)remained |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | のこりませんでした (nokorimasendeshita)did not remain |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | のこってください (nokottekudasai)please remain |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | のこらないでください (nokoranaidekudasai)please do not remain |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | のこりましょう (nokorimashou)let's remain! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | のこってもいい (nokottemoii)may remain |
| Polite permission | のこってもいいです (nokottemoiidesu)may remain |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | のこってはいけない (nokottehaikenai)must not remain |
| Polite prohibition | のこってはいけません (nokottehaikemasen)must not remain |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | のこりなさい (nokorinasai)remain (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | のこってみる (nokottemiru)try to remain |
| Polite try doing | のこってみます (nokottemimasu)try to remain |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | のこってしまう (nokotteshimau)remain completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | のこってしまいます (nokotteshimaimasu)remain completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | のこっておく (nokotteoku)remain in advance |
| Polite preparation | のこっておきます (nokotteokimasu)remain in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | のこったことがある (nokottakotogaaru)have the experience of: remained |
| Polite past experience | のこったことがあります (nokottakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: remained |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | のこると (nokoruto)whenever you remain |
| Polite automatic result | のこりますと (nokorimasuto)whenever you remain |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | のこるなら (nokorunara)if you mean to remain |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | のこるだろう (nokorudarou)probably remain |
| Polite probability | のこるでしょう (nokorudeshou)probably remain |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | のこれ (nokore)remain! |
| Polite request | のこってください (nokottekudasai)please remain |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.