Japanese reference
知る
しる
to get to know; to find out
Regular · 34 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | しる (shiru)learn |
| Polite, masu | しります (shirimasu)learn |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | しらない (shiranai)do not know |
| Polite negative | しりません (shirimasen)do not know |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | しった (shitta)learned |
| Polite past | しりました (shirimashita)learned |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | しらなかった (shiranakatta)did not learn |
| Polite past negative | しりませんでした (shirimasendeshita)did not learn |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | しって (shitte)learning (and then) |
| Polite te-form | しりまして (shirimashite)learning (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | しっている (shitteiru)know |
| Polite te-iru | しっています (shitteimasu)know |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | しれば (shireba)if you learn |
| Rare literary polite conditional | しりますれば (shirimasureba)if you learn (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | しったら (shittara)if you learn |
| Polite conditional, tara | しりましたら (shirimashitara)if you learn |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | しれる (shireru)can learn |
| Polite potential | しれます (shiremasu)can learn |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | しろう (shirou)let's learn! |
| Polite volitional | しりましょう (shirimashou)let's learn! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | しりたい (shiritai)want to learn |
| Polite desire, tai | しりたいです (shiritaidesu)want to learn |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | しられる (shirareru)be learned |
| Polite passive | しられます (shiraremasu)be learned |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | しらせる (shiraseru)make or let someone learn |
| Polite causative | しらせます (shirasemasu)make or let someone learn |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | しらせられる (shiraserareru)be made to learn |
| Polite causative-passive | しらせられます (shiraseraremasu)be made to learn |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | しるな (shiruna)do not learn! |
| Polite negative request | しらないでください (shiranaidekudasai)please do not learn |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | しります (shirimasu)learn |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | しりません (shirimasen)do not know |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | しりました (shirimashita)learned |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | しりませんでした (shirimasendeshita)did not learn |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | しってください (shittekudasai)please learn |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | しらないでください (shiranaidekudasai)please do not learn |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | しりましょう (shirimashou)let's learn! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | しってもいい (shittemoii)may learn |
| Polite permission | しってもいいです (shittemoiidesu)may learn |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | しってはいけない (shittehaikenai)must not learn |
| Polite prohibition | しってはいけません (shittehaikemasen)must not learn |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | しりなさい (shirinasai)learn (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | しってみる (shittemiru)try to learn |
| Polite try doing | しってみます (shittemimasu)try to learn |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | しってしまう (shitteshimau)learn completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | しってしまいます (shitteshimaimasu)learn completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | しっておく (shitteoku)learn in advance |
| Polite preparation | しっておきます (shitteokimasu)learn in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | しったことがある (shittakotogaaru)have the experience of: learned |
| Polite past experience | しったことがあります (shittakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: learned |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | しると (shiruto)whenever you learn |
| Polite automatic result | しりますと (shirimasuto)whenever you learn |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | しるなら (shirunara)if you mean to learn |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | しるだろう (shirudarou)probably learn |
| Polite probability | しるでしょう (shirudeshou)probably learn |
Respect
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Honorific | ごぞんじだ (gozonjida)learn (honoring the subject) |
| Polite honorific | ごぞんじです (gozonjidesu)learn (honoring the subject) |
Humble
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Humble | ぞんじる (zonjiru)learn (humbly) |
| Polite humble | ぞんじます (zonjimasu)learn (humbly) |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | しれ (shire)learn! |
| Polite request | しってください (shittekudasai)please learn |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.