Japanese reference
繰り返す
くりかえす
to repeat
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
Audio requires a compatible voice in your browser.
Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | くりかえす (kurikaesu)repeat |
| Polite, masu | くりかえします (kurikaeshimasu)repeat |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | くりかえさない (kurikaesanai)do not repeat |
| Polite negative | くりかえしません (kurikaeshimasen)do not repeat |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | くりかえした (kurikaeshita)repeated |
| Polite past | くりかえしました (kurikaeshimashita)repeated |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | くりかえさなかった (kurikaesanakatta)did not repeat |
| Polite past negative | くりかえしませんでした (kurikaeshimasendeshita)did not repeat |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | くりかえして (kurikaeshite)repeating (and then) |
| Polite te-form | くりかえしまして (kurikaeshimashite)repeating (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | くりかえしている (kurikaeshiteiru)be repeating |
| Polite te-iru | くりかえしています (kurikaeshiteimasu)be repeating |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | くりかえせば (kurikaeseba)if you repeat |
| Rare literary polite conditional | くりかえしますれば (kurikaeshimasureba)if you repeat (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | くりかえしたら (kurikaeshitara)if you repeat |
| Polite conditional, tara | くりかえしましたら (kurikaeshimashitara)if you repeat |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | くりかえせる (kurikaeseru)can repeat |
| Polite potential | くりかえせます (kurikaesemasu)can repeat |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | くりかえそう (kurikaesou)let's repeat! |
| Polite volitional | くりかえしましょう (kurikaeshimashou)let's repeat! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | くりかえしたい (kurikaeshitai)want to repeat |
| Polite desire, tai | くりかえしたいです (kurikaeshitaidesu)want to repeat |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | くりかえされる (kurikaesareru)be repeated |
| Polite passive | くりかえされます (kurikaesaremasu)be repeated |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | くりかえさせる (kurikaesaseru)make or let someone repeat |
| Polite causative | くりかえさせます (kurikaesasemasu)make or let someone repeat |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | くりかえさせられる (kurikaesaserareru)be made to repeat |
| Polite causative-passive | くりかえさせられます (kurikaesaseraremasu)be made to repeat |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | くりかえすな (kurikaesuna)do not repeat! |
| Polite negative request | くりかえさないでください (kurikaesanaidekudasai)please do not repeat |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | くりかえします (kurikaeshimasu)repeat |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | くりかえしません (kurikaeshimasen)do not repeat |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | くりかえしました (kurikaeshimashita)repeated |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | くりかえしませんでした (kurikaeshimasendeshita)did not repeat |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | くりかえしてください (kurikaeshitekudasai)please repeat |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | くりかえさないでください (kurikaesanaidekudasai)please do not repeat |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | くりかえしましょう (kurikaeshimashou)let's repeat! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | くりかえしてもいい (kurikaeshitemoii)may repeat |
| Polite permission | くりかえしてもいいです (kurikaeshitemoiidesu)may repeat |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | くりかえしてはいけない (kurikaeshitehaikenai)must not repeat |
| Polite prohibition | くりかえしてはいけません (kurikaeshitehaikemasen)must not repeat |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | くりかえしなさい (kurikaeshinasai)repeat (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | くりかえしてみる (kurikaeshitemiru)try to repeat |
| Polite try doing | くりかえしてみます (kurikaeshitemimasu)try to repeat |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | くりかえしてしまう (kurikaeshiteshimau)repeat completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | くりかえしてしまいます (kurikaeshiteshimaimasu)repeat completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | くりかえしておく (kurikaeshiteoku)repeat in advance |
| Polite preparation | くりかえしておきます (kurikaeshiteokimasu)repeat in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | くりかえしたことがある (kurikaeshitakotogaaru)have the experience of: repeated |
| Polite past experience | くりかえしたことがあります (kurikaeshitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: repeated |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | くりかえすと (kurikaesuto)whenever you repeat |
| Polite automatic result | くりかえしますと (kurikaeshimasuto)whenever you repeat |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | くりかえすなら (kurikaesunara)if you mean to repeat |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | くりかえすだろう (kurikaesudarou)probably repeat |
| Polite probability | くりかえすでしょう (kurikaesudeshou)probably repeat |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | くりかえせ (kurikaese)repeat! |
| Polite request | くりかえしてください (kurikaeshitekudasai)please repeat |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.