Japanese reference
来る
くる
to come
Irregular · 34 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | くる (kuru)come (plain) |
| Polite, masu | きます (kimasu)come (polite) |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | こない (konai)do not come (plain) |
| Polite negative | きません (kimasen)do not come (polite) |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | きた (kita)came (plain) |
| Polite past | きました (kimashita)came (polite) |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | こなかった (konakatta)did not come (plain) |
| Polite past negative | きませんでした (kimasendeshita)did not come (polite) |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | きて (kite)come and ... |
| Polite te-form | きまして (kimashite)coming (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | きている (kiteiru)have come; be here |
| Polite te-iru | きています (kiteimasu)be coming |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | くれば (kureba)if (you) come |
| Rare literary polite conditional | きますれば (kimasureba)if you come (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | きたら (kitara)if (you) come; after coming |
| Polite conditional, tara | きましたら (kimashitara)if you come |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | こられる (korareru)can come |
| Polite potential | こられます (koraremasu)can come |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | こよう (koyou)let's come |
| Polite volitional | きましょう (kimashou)let's come! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | きたい (kitai)want to come |
| Polite desire, tai | きたいです (kitaidesu)want to come |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | こられる (korareru)be affected by someone coming |
| Polite passive | こられます (koraremasu)be affected when someone comes |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | こさせる (kosaseru)make or let someone come |
| Polite causative | こさせます (kosasemasu)make or let someone come |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | こさせられる (kosaserareru)be made to come |
| Polite causative-passive | こさせられます (kosaseraremasu)be made to come |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | くるな (kuruna)do not come! |
| Polite negative request | こないでください (konaidekudasai)please do not come |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | きます (kimasu)come |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | きません (kimasen)do not come |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | きました (kimashita)came |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | きませんでした (kimasendeshita)did not come |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | きてください (kitekudasai)please come |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | こないでください (konaidekudasai)please do not come |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | きましょう (kimashou)let's come! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | きてもいい (kitemoii)may come |
| Polite permission | きてもいいです (kitemoiidesu)may come |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | きてはいけない (kitehaikenai)must not come |
| Polite prohibition | きてはいけません (kitehaikemasen)must not come |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | きなさい (kinasai)come (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | きてみる (kitemiru)try to come |
| Polite try doing | きてみます (kitemimasu)try to come |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | きてしまう (kiteshimau)come completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | きてしまいます (kiteshimaimasu)come completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | きておく (kiteoku)come in advance |
| Polite preparation | きておきます (kiteokimasu)come in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | きたことがある (kitakotogaaru)have the experience of: came |
| Polite past experience | きたことがあります (kitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: came |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | くると (kuruto)whenever you come |
| Polite automatic result | きますと (kimasuto)whenever you come |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | くるなら (kurunara)if you mean to come |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | くるだろう (kurudarou)probably come |
| Polite probability | くるでしょう (kurudeshou)probably come |
Respect
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Honorific | いらっしゃる (irassharu)come (honoring the subject) |
| Polite honorific | いらっしゃいます (irasshaimasu)come (honoring the subject) |
Humble
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Humble | まいる (mairu)come (humbly) |
| Polite humble | まいります (mairimasu)come (humbly) |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | こい (koi)come! (command) |
| Polite request | きてください (kitekudasai)please come |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.