Japanese reference
諦める
あきらめる
to give up; to abandon
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | あきらめる (akirameru)give up |
| Polite, masu | あきらめます (akiramemasu)give up |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | あきらめない (akiramenai)do not give up |
| Polite negative | あきらめません (akiramemasen)do not give up |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | あきらめた (akirameta)gave up |
| Polite past | あきらめました (akiramemashita)gave up |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | あきらめなかった (akiramenakatta)did not give up |
| Polite past negative | あきらめませんでした (akiramemasendeshita)did not give up |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | あきらめて (akiramete)giving up (and then) |
| Polite te-form | あきらめまして (akiramemashite)giving up (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | あきらめている (akirameteiru)be giving up |
| Polite te-iru | あきらめています (akirameteimasu)be giving up |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | あきらめれば (akiramereba)if you give up |
| Rare literary polite conditional | あきらめますれば (akiramemasureba)if you give up (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | あきらめたら (akirametara)if you give up |
| Polite conditional, tara | あきらめましたら (akiramemashitara)if you give up |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | あきらめられる (akiramerareru)can give up |
| Polite potential | あきらめられます (akirameraremasu)can give up |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | あきらめよう (akirameyou)let's give up! |
| Polite volitional | あきらめましょう (akiramemashou)let's give up! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | あきらめたい (akirametai)want to give up |
| Polite desire, tai | あきらめたいです (akirametaidesu)want to give up |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | あきらめられる (akiramerareru)be affected when someone gives up |
| Polite passive | あきらめられます (akirameraremasu)be affected when someone gives up |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | あきらめさせる (akiramesaseru)make or let someone give up |
| Polite causative | あきらめさせます (akiramesasemasu)make or let someone give up |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | あきらめさせられる (akiramesaserareru)be made to give up |
| Polite causative-passive | あきらめさせられます (akiramesaseraremasu)be made to give up |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | あきらめるな (akirameruna)do not give up! |
| Polite negative request | あきらめないでください (akiramenaidekudasai)please do not give up |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | あきらめます (akiramemasu)give up |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | あきらめません (akiramemasen)do not give up |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | あきらめました (akiramemashita)gave up |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | あきらめませんでした (akiramemasendeshita)did not give up |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | あきらめてください (akirametekudasai)please give up |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | あきらめないでください (akiramenaidekudasai)please do not give up |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | あきらめましょう (akiramemashou)let's give up! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | あきらめてもいい (akirametemoii)may give up |
| Polite permission | あきらめてもいいです (akirametemoiidesu)may give up |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | あきらめてはいけない (akirametehaikenai)must not give up |
| Polite prohibition | あきらめてはいけません (akirametehaikemasen)must not give up |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | あきらめなさい (akiramenasai)give up (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | あきらめてみる (akirametemiru)try to give up |
| Polite try doing | あきらめてみます (akirametemimasu)try to give up |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | あきらめてしまう (akirameteshimau)give up completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | あきらめてしまいます (akirameteshimaimasu)give up completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | あきらめておく (akirameteoku)give up in advance |
| Polite preparation | あきらめておきます (akirameteokimasu)give up in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | あきらめたことがある (akirametakotogaaru)have the experience of: gave up |
| Polite past experience | あきらめたことがあります (akirametakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: gave up |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | あきらめると (akirameruto)whenever you give up |
| Polite automatic result | あきらめますと (akiramemasuto)whenever you give up |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | あきらめるなら (akiramerunara)if you mean to give up |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | あきらめるだろう (akiramerudarou)probably give up |
| Polite probability | あきらめるでしょう (akiramerudeshou)probably give up |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | あきらめろ (akiramero)give up! |
| Polite request | あきらめてください (akirametekudasai)please give up |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.