Japanese reference
講じる
こうじる
to take or implement measures
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | こうじる (koujiru)take (measures) |
| Polite, masu | こうじます (koujimasu)take (measures) |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | こうじない (koujinai)do not take (measures) |
| Polite negative | こうじません (koujimasen)do not take (measures) |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | こうじた (koujita)took (measures) |
| Polite past | こうじました (koujimashita)took (measures) |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | こうじなかった (koujinakatta)did not take (measures) |
| Polite past negative | こうじませんでした (koujimasendeshita)did not take (measures) |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | こうじて (koujite)taking (measures) (and then) |
| Polite te-form | こうじまして (koujimashite)taking (measures) (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | こうじている (koujiteiru)be taking (measures) |
| Polite te-iru | こうじています (koujiteimasu)be taking (measures) |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | こうじれば (koujireba)if you take (measures) |
| Rare literary polite conditional | こうじますれば (koujimasureba)if you take (measures) (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | こうじたら (koujitara)if you take (measures) |
| Polite conditional, tara | こうじましたら (koujimashitara)if you take (measures) |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | こうじられる (koujirareru)can take (measures) |
| Polite potential | こうじられます (koujiraremasu)can take (measures) |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | こうじよう (koujiyou)let's take (measures)! |
| Polite volitional | こうじましょう (koujimashou)let's take (measures)! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | こうじたい (koujitai)want to take (measures) |
| Polite desire, tai | こうじたいです (koujitaidesu)want to take (measures) |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | こうじられる (koujirareru)be affected when someone takes (measures) |
| Polite passive | こうじられます (koujiraremasu)be affected when someone takes (measures) |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | こうじさせる (koujisaseru)make or let someone take (measures) |
| Polite causative | こうじさせます (koujisasemasu)make or let someone take (measures) |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | こうじさせられる (koujisaserareru)be made to take (measures) |
| Polite causative-passive | こうじさせられます (koujisaseraremasu)be made to take (measures) |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | こうじるな (koujiruna)do not take (measures)! |
| Polite negative request | こうじないでください (koujinaidekudasai)please do not take (measures) |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | こうじます (koujimasu)take (measures) |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | こうじません (koujimasen)do not take (measures) |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | こうじました (koujimashita)took (measures) |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | こうじませんでした (koujimasendeshita)did not take (measures) |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | こうじてください (koujitekudasai)please take (measures) |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | こうじないでください (koujinaidekudasai)please do not take (measures) |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | こうじましょう (koujimashou)let's take (measures)! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | こうじてもいい (koujitemoii)may take (measures) |
| Polite permission | こうじてもいいです (koujitemoiidesu)may take (measures) |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | こうじてはいけない (koujitehaikenai)must not take (measures) |
| Polite prohibition | こうじてはいけません (koujitehaikemasen)must not take (measures) |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | こうじなさい (koujinasai)take (measures) (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | こうじてみる (koujitemiru)try to take (measures) |
| Polite try doing | こうじてみます (koujitemimasu)try to take (measures) |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | こうじてしまう (koujiteshimau)take (measures) completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | こうじてしまいます (koujiteshimaimasu)take (measures) completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | こうじておく (koujiteoku)take (measures) in advance |
| Polite preparation | こうじておきます (koujiteokimasu)take (measures) in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | こうじたことがある (koujitakotogaaru)have the experience of: took (measures) |
| Polite past experience | こうじたことがあります (koujitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: took (measures) |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | こうじると (koujiruto)whenever you take (measures) |
| Polite automatic result | こうじますと (koujimasuto)whenever you take (measures) |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | こうじるなら (koujirunara)if you mean to take (measures) |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | こうじるだろう (koujirudarou)probably take (measures) |
| Polite probability | こうじるでしょう (koujirudeshou)probably take (measures) |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | こうじろ (koujiro)take (measures)! |
| Polite request | こうじてください (koujitekudasai)please take (measures) |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.