Japanese reference
述べる
のべる
to state; to express
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
Audio requires a compatible voice in your browser.
Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | のべる (noberu)state |
| Polite, masu | のべます (nobemasu)state |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | のべない (nobenai)do not state |
| Polite negative | のべません (nobemasen)do not state |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | のべた (nobeta)stated |
| Polite past | のべました (nobemashita)stated |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | のべなかった (nobenakatta)did not state |
| Polite past negative | のべませんでした (nobemasendeshita)did not state |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | のべて (nobete)stating (and then) |
| Polite te-form | のべまして (nobemashite)stating (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | のべている (nobeteiru)be stating |
| Polite te-iru | のべています (nobeteimasu)be stating |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | のべれば (nobereba)if you state |
| Rare literary polite conditional | のべますれば (nobemasureba)if you state (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | のべたら (nobetara)if you state |
| Polite conditional, tara | のべましたら (nobemashitara)if you state |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | のべられる (noberareru)can state |
| Polite potential | のべられます (noberaremasu)can state |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | のべよう (nobeyou)let's state! |
| Polite volitional | のべましょう (nobemashou)let's state! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | のべたい (nobetai)want to state |
| Polite desire, tai | のべたいです (nobetaidesu)want to state |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | のべられる (noberareru)be affected when someone states |
| Polite passive | のべられます (noberaremasu)be affected when someone states |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | のべさせる (nobesaseru)make or let someone state |
| Polite causative | のべさせます (nobesasemasu)make or let someone state |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | のべさせられる (nobesaserareru)be made to state |
| Polite causative-passive | のべさせられます (nobesaseraremasu)be made to state |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | のべるな (noberuna)do not state! |
| Polite negative request | のべないでください (nobenaidekudasai)please do not state |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | のべます (nobemasu)state |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | のべません (nobemasen)do not state |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | のべました (nobemashita)stated |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | のべませんでした (nobemasendeshita)did not state |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | のべてください (nobetekudasai)please state |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | のべないでください (nobenaidekudasai)please do not state |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | のべましょう (nobemashou)let's state! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | のべてもいい (nobetemoii)may state |
| Polite permission | のべてもいいです (nobetemoiidesu)may state |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | のべてはいけない (nobetehaikenai)must not state |
| Polite prohibition | のべてはいけません (nobetehaikemasen)must not state |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | のべなさい (nobenasai)state (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | のべてみる (nobetemiru)try to state |
| Polite try doing | のべてみます (nobetemimasu)try to state |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | のべてしまう (nobeteshimau)state completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | のべてしまいます (nobeteshimaimasu)state completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | のべておく (nobeteoku)state in advance |
| Polite preparation | のべておきます (nobeteokimasu)state in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | のべたことがある (nobetakotogaaru)have the experience of: stated |
| Polite past experience | のべたことがあります (nobetakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: stated |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | のべると (noberuto)whenever you state |
| Polite automatic result | のべますと (nobemasuto)whenever you state |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | のべるなら (noberunara)if you mean to state |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | のべるだろう (noberudarou)probably state |
| Polite probability | のべるでしょう (noberudeshou)probably state |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | のべろ (nobero)state! |
| Polite request | のべてください (nobetekudasai)please state |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.