Japanese reference
登る
のぼる
to climb
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | のぼる (noboru)climb |
| Polite, masu | のぼります (noborimasu)climb |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | のぼらない (noboranai)do not climb |
| Polite negative | のぼりません (noborimasen)do not climb |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | のぼった (nobotta)climbed |
| Polite past | のぼりました (noborimashita)climbed |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | のぼらなかった (noboranakatta)did not climb |
| Polite past negative | のぼりませんでした (noborimasendeshita)did not climb |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | のぼって (nobotte)climbing (and then) |
| Polite te-form | のぼりまして (noborimashite)climbing (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | のぼっている (nobotteiru)be climbing |
| Polite te-iru | のぼっています (nobotteimasu)be climbing |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | のぼれば (noboreba)if you climb |
| Rare literary polite conditional | のぼりますれば (noborimasureba)if you climb (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | のぼったら (nobottara)if you climb |
| Polite conditional, tara | のぼりましたら (noborimashitara)if you climb |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | のぼれる (noboreru)can climb |
| Polite potential | のぼれます (noboremasu)can climb |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | のぼろう (noborou)let's climb! |
| Polite volitional | のぼりましょう (noborimashou)let's climb! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | のぼりたい (noboritai)want to climb |
| Polite desire, tai | のぼりたいです (noboritaidesu)want to climb |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | のぼられる (noborareru)be affected when someone climbs |
| Polite passive | のぼられます (noboraremasu)be affected when someone climbs |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | のぼらせる (noboraseru)make or let someone climb |
| Polite causative | のぼらせます (noborasemasu)make or let someone climb |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | のぼらせられる (noboraserareru)be made to climb |
| Polite causative-passive | のぼらせられます (noboraseraremasu)be made to climb |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | のぼるな (noboruna)do not climb! |
| Polite negative request | のぼらないでください (noboranaidekudasai)please do not climb |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | のぼります (noborimasu)climb |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | のぼりません (noborimasen)do not climb |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | のぼりました (noborimashita)climbed |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | のぼりませんでした (noborimasendeshita)did not climb |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | のぼってください (nobottekudasai)please climb |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | のぼらないでください (noboranaidekudasai)please do not climb |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | のぼりましょう (noborimashou)let's climb! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | のぼってもいい (nobottemoii)may climb |
| Polite permission | のぼってもいいです (nobottemoiidesu)may climb |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | のぼってはいけない (nobottehaikenai)must not climb |
| Polite prohibition | のぼってはいけません (nobottehaikemasen)must not climb |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | のぼりなさい (noborinasai)climb (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | のぼってみる (nobottemiru)try to climb |
| Polite try doing | のぼってみます (nobottemimasu)try to climb |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | のぼってしまう (nobotteshimau)climb completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | のぼってしまいます (nobotteshimaimasu)climb completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | のぼっておく (nobotteoku)climb in advance |
| Polite preparation | のぼっておきます (nobotteokimasu)climb in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | のぼったことがある (nobottakotogaaru)have the experience of: climbed |
| Polite past experience | のぼったことがあります (nobottakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: climbed |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | のぼると (noboruto)whenever you climb |
| Polite automatic result | のぼりますと (noborimasuto)whenever you climb |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | のぼるなら (noborunara)if you mean to climb |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | のぼるだろう (noborudarou)probably climb |
| Polite probability | のぼるでしょう (noborudeshou)probably climb |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | のぼれ (nobore)climb! |
| Polite request | のぼってください (nobottekudasai)please climb |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.