Japanese reference
進む
すすむ
to advance, move forward
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | すすむ (susumu)advance |
| Polite, masu | すすみます (susumimasu)advance |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | すすまない (susumanai)do not advance |
| Polite negative | すすみません (susumimasen)do not advance |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | すすんだ (susunda)advanced |
| Polite past | すすみました (susumimashita)advanced |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | すすまなかった (susumanakatta)did not advance |
| Polite past negative | すすみませんでした (susumimasendeshita)did not advance |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | すすんで (susunde)advancing (and then) |
| Polite te-form | すすみまして (susumimashite)advancing (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | すすんでいる (susundeiru)be advancing |
| Polite te-iru | すすんでいます (susundeimasu)be advancing |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | すすめば (susumeba)if you advance |
| Rare literary polite conditional | すすみますれば (susumimasureba)if you advance (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | すすんだら (susundara)if you advance |
| Polite conditional, tara | すすみましたら (susumimashitara)if you advance |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | すすめる (susumeru)can advance |
| Polite potential | すすめます (susumemasu)can advance |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | すすもう (susumou)let's advance! |
| Polite volitional | すすみましょう (susumimashou)let's advance! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | すすみたい (susumitai)want to advance |
| Polite desire, tai | すすみたいです (susumitaidesu)want to advance |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | すすまれる (susumareru)be affected when someone advances |
| Polite passive | すすまれます (susumaremasu)be affected when someone advances |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | すすませる (susumaseru)make or let someone advance |
| Polite causative | すすませます (susumasemasu)make or let someone advance |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | すすませられる (susumaserareru)be made to advance |
| Polite causative-passive | すすませられます (susumaseraremasu)be made to advance |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | すすむな (susumuna)do not advance! |
| Polite negative request | すすまないでください (susumanaidekudasai)please do not advance |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | すすみます (susumimasu)advance |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | すすみません (susumimasen)do not advance |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | すすみました (susumimashita)advanced |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | すすみませんでした (susumimasendeshita)did not advance |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | すすんでください (susundekudasai)please advance |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | すすまないでください (susumanaidekudasai)please do not advance |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | すすみましょう (susumimashou)let's advance! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | すすんでもいい (susundemoii)may advance |
| Polite permission | すすんでもいいです (susundemoiidesu)may advance |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | すすんではいけない (susundehaikenai)must not advance |
| Polite prohibition | すすんではいけません (susundehaikemasen)must not advance |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | すすみなさい (susuminasai)advance (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | すすんでみる (susundemiru)try to advance |
| Polite try doing | すすんでみます (susundemimasu)try to advance |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | すすんでしまう (susundeshimau)advance completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | すすんでしまいます (susundeshimaimasu)advance completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | すすんでおく (susundeoku)advance in advance |
| Polite preparation | すすんでおきます (susundeokimasu)advance in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | すすんだことがある (susundakotogaaru)have the experience of: advanced |
| Polite past experience | すすんだことがあります (susundakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: advanced |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | すすむと (susumuto)whenever you advance |
| Polite automatic result | すすみますと (susumimasuto)whenever you advance |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | すすむなら (susumunara)if you mean to advance |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | すすむだろう (susumudarou)probably advance |
| Polite probability | すすむでしょう (susumudeshou)probably advance |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | すすめ (susume)advance! |
| Polite request | すすんでください (susundekudasai)please advance |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.