Japanese reference
過ごす
すごす
to spend time
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | すごす (sugosu)spend time |
| Polite, masu | すごします (sugoshimasu)spend time |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | すごさない (sugosanai)do not spend time |
| Polite negative | すごしません (sugoshimasen)do not spend time |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | すごした (sugoshita)spent time |
| Polite past | すごしました (sugoshimashita)spent time |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | すごさなかった (sugosanakatta)did not spend time |
| Polite past negative | すごしませんでした (sugoshimasendeshita)did not spend time |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | すごして (sugoshite)spending time (and then) |
| Polite te-form | すごしまして (sugoshimashite)spending time (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | すごしている (sugoshiteiru)be spending time |
| Polite te-iru | すごしています (sugoshiteimasu)be spending time |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | すごせば (sugoseba)if you spend time |
| Rare literary polite conditional | すごしますれば (sugoshimasureba)if you spend time (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | すごしたら (sugoshitara)if you spend time |
| Polite conditional, tara | すごしましたら (sugoshimashitara)if you spend time |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | すごせる (sugoseru)can spend time |
| Polite potential | すごせます (sugosemasu)can spend time |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | すごそう (sugosou)let's spend time! |
| Polite volitional | すごしましょう (sugoshimashou)let's spend time! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | すごしたい (sugoshitai)want to spend time |
| Polite desire, tai | すごしたいです (sugoshitaidesu)want to spend time |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | すごされる (sugosareru)be affected when someone spends time |
| Polite passive | すごされます (sugosaremasu)be affected when someone spends time |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | すごさせる (sugosaseru)make or let someone spend time |
| Polite causative | すごさせます (sugosasemasu)make or let someone spend time |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | すごさせられる (sugosaserareru)be made to spend time |
| Polite causative-passive | すごさせられます (sugosaseraremasu)be made to spend time |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | すごすな (sugosuna)do not spend time! |
| Polite negative request | すごさないでください (sugosanaidekudasai)please do not spend time |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | すごします (sugoshimasu)spend time |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | すごしません (sugoshimasen)do not spend time |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | すごしました (sugoshimashita)spent time |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | すごしませんでした (sugoshimasendeshita)did not spend time |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | すごしてください (sugoshitekudasai)please spend time |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | すごさないでください (sugosanaidekudasai)please do not spend time |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | すごしましょう (sugoshimashou)let's spend time! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | すごしてもいい (sugoshitemoii)may spend time |
| Polite permission | すごしてもいいです (sugoshitemoiidesu)may spend time |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | すごしてはいけない (sugoshitehaikenai)must not spend time |
| Polite prohibition | すごしてはいけません (sugoshitehaikemasen)must not spend time |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | すごしなさい (sugoshinasai)spend time (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | すごしてみる (sugoshitemiru)try to spend time |
| Polite try doing | すごしてみます (sugoshitemimasu)try to spend time |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | すごしてしまう (sugoshiteshimau)spend time completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | すごしてしまいます (sugoshiteshimaimasu)spend time completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | すごしておく (sugoshiteoku)spend time in advance |
| Polite preparation | すごしておきます (sugoshiteokimasu)spend time in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | すごしたことがある (sugoshitakotogaaru)have the experience of: spent time |
| Polite past experience | すごしたことがあります (sugoshitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: spent time |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | すごすと (sugosuto)whenever you spend time |
| Polite automatic result | すごしますと (sugoshimasuto)whenever you spend time |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | すごすなら (sugosunara)if you mean to spend time |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | すごすだろう (sugosudarou)probably spend time |
| Polite probability | すごすでしょう (sugosudeshou)probably spend time |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | すごせ (sugose)spend time! |
| Polite request | すごしてください (sugoshitekudasai)please spend time |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.