Japanese reference
遅れる
おくれる
to be running late
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
Audio requires a compatible voice in your browser.
Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | おくれる (okureru)be running late |
| Polite, masu | おくれます (okuremasu)be running late |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | おくれない (okurenai)not be running late |
| Polite negative | おくれません (okuremasen)not be running late |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | おくれた (okureta)was running late |
| Polite past | おくれました (okuremashita)was running late |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | おくれなかった (okurenakatta)was not running late |
| Polite past negative | おくれませんでした (okuremasendeshita)was not running late |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | おくれて (okurete)being running late (and then) |
| Polite te-form | おくれまして (okuremashite)being running late (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | おくれている (okureteiru)be running late |
| Polite te-iru | おくれています (okureteimasu)be running late |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | おくれれば (okurereba)if you are running late |
| Rare literary polite conditional | おくれますれば (okuremasureba)if you are running late (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | おくれたら (okuretara)if you are running late |
| Polite conditional, tara | おくれましたら (okuremashitara)if you are running late |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | おくれられる (okurerareru)can be running late |
| Polite potential | おくれられます (okureraremasu)can be running late |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | おくれよう (okureyou)let's be running late! |
| Polite volitional | おくれましょう (okuremashou)let's be running late! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | おくれたい (okuretai)want to be running late |
| Polite desire, tai | おくれたいです (okuretaidesu)want to be running late |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | おくれられる (okurerareru)be affected when someone is running late |
| Polite passive | おくれられます (okureraremasu)be affected when someone is running late |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | おくれさせる (okuresaseru)make or let someone be running late |
| Polite causative | おくれさせます (okuresasemasu)make or let someone be running late |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | おくれさせられる (okuresaserareru)be made to be running late |
| Polite causative-passive | おくれさせられます (okuresaseraremasu)be made to be running late |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | おくれるな (okureruna)do not be running late! |
| Polite negative request | おくれないでください (okurenaidekudasai)please do not be running late |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | おくれます (okuremasu)be running late |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | おくれません (okuremasen)not be running late |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | おくれました (okuremashita)was running late |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | おくれませんでした (okuremasendeshita)was not running late |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | おくれてください (okuretekudasai)please be running late |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | おくれないでください (okurenaidekudasai)please do not be running late |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | おくれましょう (okuremashou)let's be running late! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | おくれてもいい (okuretemoii)may be running late |
| Polite permission | おくれてもいいです (okuretemoiidesu)may be running late |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | おくれてはいけない (okuretehaikenai)must not be running late |
| Polite prohibition | おくれてはいけません (okuretehaikemasen)must not be running late |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | おくれなさい (okurenasai)be running late (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | おくれてみる (okuretemiru)try to be running late |
| Polite try doing | おくれてみます (okuretemimasu)try to be running late |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | おくれてしまう (okureteshimau)be running late completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | おくれてしまいます (okureteshimaimasu)be running late completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | おくれておく (okureteoku)be running late in advance |
| Polite preparation | おくれておきます (okureteokimasu)be running late in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | おくれたことがある (okuretakotogaaru)have the experience of: was running late |
| Polite past experience | おくれたことがあります (okuretakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: was running late |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | おくれると (okureruto)whenever you be running late |
| Polite automatic result | おくれますと (okuremasuto)whenever you be running late |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | おくれるなら (okurerunara)if you mean to be running late |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | おくれるだろう (okurerudarou)probably be running late |
| Polite probability | おくれるでしょう (okurerudeshou)probably be running late |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | おくれろ (okurero)be running late! |
| Polite request | おくれてください (okuretekudasai)please be running late |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.