Japanese reference
遅刻する
ちこくする
to be late, arrive late
Irregular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | ちこくする (chikokusuru)be late |
| Polite, masu | ちこくします (chikokushimasu)be late |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | ちこくしない (chikokushinai)not be late |
| Polite negative | ちこくしません (chikokushimasen)not be late |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | ちこくした (chikokushita)was late |
| Polite past | ちこくしました (chikokushimashita)was late |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | ちこくしなかった (chikokushinakatta)was not late |
| Polite past negative | ちこくしませんでした (chikokushimasendeshita)was not late |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | ちこくして (chikokushite)being late (and then) |
| Polite te-form | ちこくしまして (chikokushimashite)being late (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | ちこくしている (chikokushiteiru)be late |
| Polite te-iru | ちこくしています (chikokushiteimasu)be late |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | ちこくすれば (chikokusureba)if you are late |
| Rare literary polite conditional | ちこくしますれば (chikokushimasureba)if you are late (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | ちこくしたら (chikokushitara)if you are late |
| Polite conditional, tara | ちこくしましたら (chikokushimashitara)if you are late |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | ちこくできる (chikokudekiru)can be late |
| Polite potential | ちこくできます (chikokudekimasu)can be late |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | ちこくしよう (chikokushiyou)let's be late! |
| Polite volitional | ちこくしましょう (chikokushimashou)let's be late! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | ちこくしたい (chikokushitai)want to be late |
| Polite desire, tai | ちこくしたいです (chikokushitaidesu)want to be late |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | ちこくされる (chikokusareru)be affected when someone is late |
| Polite passive | ちこくされます (chikokusaremasu)be affected when someone is late |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | ちこくさせる (chikokusaseru)make or let someone be late |
| Polite causative | ちこくさせます (chikokusasemasu)make or let someone be late |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | ちこくさせられる (chikokusaserareru)be made to be late |
| Polite causative-passive | ちこくさせられます (chikokusaseraremasu)be made to be late |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | ちこくするな (chikokusuruna)do not be late! |
| Polite negative request | ちこくしないでください (chikokushinaidekudasai)please do not be late |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | ちこくします (chikokushimasu)be late |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | ちこくしません (chikokushimasen)not be late |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | ちこくしました (chikokushimashita)was late |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | ちこくしませんでした (chikokushimasendeshita)was not late |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | ちこくしてください (chikokushitekudasai)please be late |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | ちこくしないでください (chikokushinaidekudasai)please do not be late |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | ちこくしましょう (chikokushimashou)let's be late! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | ちこくしてもいい (chikokushitemoii)may be late |
| Polite permission | ちこくしてもいいです (chikokushitemoiidesu)may be late |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | ちこくしてはいけない (chikokushitehaikenai)must not be late |
| Polite prohibition | ちこくしてはいけません (chikokushitehaikemasen)must not be late |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | ちこくしなさい (chikokushinasai)be late (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | ちこくしてみる (chikokushitemiru)try to be late |
| Polite try doing | ちこくしてみます (chikokushitemimasu)try to be late |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | ちこくしてしまう (chikokushiteshimau)be late completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | ちこくしてしまいます (chikokushiteshimaimasu)be late completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | ちこくしておく (chikokushiteoku)be late in advance |
| Polite preparation | ちこくしておきます (chikokushiteokimasu)be late in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | ちこくしたことがある (chikokushitakotogaaru)have the experience of: was late |
| Polite past experience | ちこくしたことがあります (chikokushitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: was late |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | ちこくすると (chikokusuruto)whenever you be late |
| Polite automatic result | ちこくしますと (chikokushimasuto)whenever you be late |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | ちこくするなら (chikokusurunara)if you mean to be late |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | ちこくするだろう (chikokusurudarou)probably be late |
| Polite probability | ちこくするでしょう (chikokusurudeshou)probably be late |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | ちこくしろ (chikokushiro)be late! |
| Polite request | ちこくしてください (chikokushitekudasai)please be late |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.