Japanese reference
近づく
ちかづく
to approach
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
Audio requires a compatible voice in your browser.
Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | ちかづく (chikazuku)approach |
| Polite, masu | ちかづきます (chikazukimasu)approach |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | ちかづかない (chikazukanai)do not approach |
| Polite negative | ちかづきません (chikazukimasen)do not approach |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | ちかづいた (chikazuita)approached |
| Polite past | ちかづきました (chikazukimashita)approached |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | ちかづかなかった (chikazukanakatta)did not approach |
| Polite past negative | ちかづきませんでした (chikazukimasendeshita)did not approach |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | ちかづいて (chikazuite)approaching (and then) |
| Polite te-form | ちかづきまして (chikazukimashite)approaching (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | ちかづいている (chikazuiteiru)be approaching |
| Polite te-iru | ちかづいています (chikazuiteimasu)be approaching |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | ちかづけば (chikazukeba)if you approach |
| Rare literary polite conditional | ちかづきますれば (chikazukimasureba)if you approach (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | ちかづいたら (chikazuitara)if you approach |
| Polite conditional, tara | ちかづきましたら (chikazukimashitara)if you approach |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | ちかづける (chikazukeru)can approach |
| Polite potential | ちかづけます (chikazukemasu)can approach |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | ちかづこう (chikazukou)let's approach! |
| Polite volitional | ちかづきましょう (chikazukimashou)let's approach! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | ちかづきたい (chikazukitai)want to approach |
| Polite desire, tai | ちかづきたいです (chikazukitaidesu)want to approach |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | ちかづかれる (chikazukareru)be affected when someone approaches |
| Polite passive | ちかづかれます (chikazukaremasu)be affected when someone approaches |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | ちかづかせる (chikazukaseru)make or let someone approach |
| Polite causative | ちかづかせます (chikazukasemasu)make or let someone approach |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | ちかづかせられる (chikazukaserareru)be made to approach |
| Polite causative-passive | ちかづかせられます (chikazukaseraremasu)be made to approach |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | ちかづくな (chikazukuna)do not approach! |
| Polite negative request | ちかづかないでください (chikazukanaidekudasai)please do not approach |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | ちかづきます (chikazukimasu)approach |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | ちかづきません (chikazukimasen)do not approach |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | ちかづきました (chikazukimashita)approached |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | ちかづきませんでした (chikazukimasendeshita)did not approach |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | ちかづいてください (chikazuitekudasai)please approach |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | ちかづかないでください (chikazukanaidekudasai)please do not approach |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | ちかづきましょう (chikazukimashou)let's approach! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | ちかづいてもいい (chikazuitemoii)may approach |
| Polite permission | ちかづいてもいいです (chikazuitemoiidesu)may approach |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | ちかづいてはいけない (chikazuitehaikenai)must not approach |
| Polite prohibition | ちかづいてはいけません (chikazuitehaikemasen)must not approach |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | ちかづきなさい (chikazukinasai)approach (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | ちかづいてみる (chikazuitemiru)try to approach |
| Polite try doing | ちかづいてみます (chikazuitemimasu)try to approach |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | ちかづいてしまう (chikazuiteshimau)approach completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | ちかづいてしまいます (chikazuiteshimaimasu)approach completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | ちかづいておく (chikazuiteoku)approach in advance |
| Polite preparation | ちかづいておきます (chikazuiteokimasu)approach in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | ちかづいたことがある (chikazuitakotogaaru)have the experience of: approached |
| Polite past experience | ちかづいたことがあります (chikazuitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: approached |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | ちかづくと (chikazukuto)whenever you approach |
| Polite automatic result | ちかづきますと (chikazukimasuto)whenever you approach |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | ちかづくなら (chikazukunara)if you mean to approach |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | ちかづくだろう (chikazukudarou)probably approach |
| Polite probability | ちかづくでしょう (chikazukudeshou)probably approach |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | ちかづけ (chikazuke)approach! |
| Polite request | ちかづいてください (chikazuitekudasai)please approach |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.