Japanese reference
遊ぶ
あそぶ
to play
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | あそぶ (asobu)play |
| Polite, masu | あそびます (asobimasu)play |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | あそばない (asobanai)do not play |
| Polite negative | あそびません (asobimasen)do not play |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | あそんだ (asonda)played |
| Polite past | あそびました (asobimashita)played |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | あそばなかった (asobanakatta)did not play |
| Polite past negative | あそびませんでした (asobimasendeshita)did not play |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | あそんで (asonde)playing (and then) |
| Polite te-form | あそびまして (asobimashite)playing (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | あそんでいる (asondeiru)be playing |
| Polite te-iru | あそんでいます (asondeimasu)be playing |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | あそべば (asobeba)if you play |
| Rare literary polite conditional | あそびますれば (asobimasureba)if you play (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | あそんだら (asondara)if you play |
| Polite conditional, tara | あそびましたら (asobimashitara)if you play |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | あそべる (asoberu)can play |
| Polite potential | あそべます (asobemasu)can play |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | あそぼう (asobou)let's play! |
| Polite volitional | あそびましょう (asobimashou)let's play! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | あそびたい (asobitai)want to play |
| Polite desire, tai | あそびたいです (asobitaidesu)want to play |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | あそばれる (asobareru)be affected when someone plays |
| Polite passive | あそばれます (asobaremasu)be affected when someone plays |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | あそばせる (asobaseru)make or let someone play |
| Polite causative | あそばせます (asobasemasu)make or let someone play |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | あそばせられる (asobaserareru)be made to play |
| Polite causative-passive | あそばせられます (asobaseraremasu)be made to play |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | あそぶな (asobuna)do not play! |
| Polite negative request | あそばないでください (asobanaidekudasai)please do not play |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | あそびます (asobimasu)play |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | あそびません (asobimasen)do not play |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | あそびました (asobimashita)played |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | あそびませんでした (asobimasendeshita)did not play |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | あそんでください (asondekudasai)please play |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | あそばないでください (asobanaidekudasai)please do not play |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | あそびましょう (asobimashou)let's play! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | あそんでもいい (asondemoii)may play |
| Polite permission | あそんでもいいです (asondemoiidesu)may play |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | あそんではいけない (asondehaikenai)must not play |
| Polite prohibition | あそんではいけません (asondehaikemasen)must not play |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | あそびなさい (asobinasai)play (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | あそんでみる (asondemiru)try to play |
| Polite try doing | あそんでみます (asondemimasu)try to play |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | あそんでしまう (asondeshimau)play completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | あそんでしまいます (asondeshimaimasu)play completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | あそんでおく (asondeoku)play in advance |
| Polite preparation | あそんでおきます (asondeokimasu)play in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | あそんだことがある (asondakotogaaru)have the experience of: played |
| Polite past experience | あそんだことがあります (asondakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: played |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | あそぶと (asobuto)whenever you play |
| Polite automatic result | あそびますと (asobimasuto)whenever you play |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | あそぶなら (asobunara)if you mean to play |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | あそぶだろう (asobudarou)probably play |
| Polite probability | あそぶでしょう (asobudeshou)probably play |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | あそべ (asobe)play! |
| Polite request | あそんでください (asondekudasai)please play |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.