Japanese reference
閉じる
とじる
to close
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | とじる (tojiru)close |
| Polite, masu | とじます (tojimasu)close |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | とじない (tojinai)do not close |
| Polite negative | とじません (tojimasen)do not close |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | とじた (tojita)closed |
| Polite past | とじました (tojimashita)closed |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | とじなかった (tojinakatta)did not close |
| Polite past negative | とじませんでした (tojimasendeshita)did not close |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | とじて (tojite)closing (and then) |
| Polite te-form | とじまして (tojimashite)closing (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | とじている (tojiteiru)be closing |
| Polite te-iru | とじています (tojiteimasu)be closing |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | とじれば (tojireba)if you close |
| Rare literary polite conditional | とじますれば (tojimasureba)if you close (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | とじたら (tojitara)if you close |
| Polite conditional, tara | とじましたら (tojimashitara)if you close |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | とじられる (tojirareru)can close |
| Polite potential | とじられます (tojiraremasu)can close |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | とじよう (tojiyou)let's close! |
| Polite volitional | とじましょう (tojimashou)let's close! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | とじたい (tojitai)want to close |
| Polite desire, tai | とじたいです (tojitaidesu)want to close |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | とじられる (tojirareru)be closed |
| Polite passive | とじられます (tojiraremasu)be closed |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | とじさせる (tojisaseru)make or let someone close |
| Polite causative | とじさせます (tojisasemasu)make or let someone close |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | とじさせられる (tojisaserareru)be made to close |
| Polite causative-passive | とじさせられます (tojisaseraremasu)be made to close |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | とじるな (tojiruna)do not close! |
| Polite negative request | とじないでください (tojinaidekudasai)please do not close |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | とじます (tojimasu)close |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | とじません (tojimasen)do not close |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | とじました (tojimashita)closed |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | とじませんでした (tojimasendeshita)did not close |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | とじてください (tojitekudasai)please close |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | とじないでください (tojinaidekudasai)please do not close |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | とじましょう (tojimashou)let's close! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | とじてもいい (tojitemoii)may close |
| Polite permission | とじてもいいです (tojitemoiidesu)may close |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | とじてはいけない (tojitehaikenai)must not close |
| Polite prohibition | とじてはいけません (tojitehaikemasen)must not close |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | とじなさい (tojinasai)close (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | とじてみる (tojitemiru)try to close |
| Polite try doing | とじてみます (tojitemimasu)try to close |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | とじてしまう (tojiteshimau)close completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | とじてしまいます (tojiteshimaimasu)close completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | とじておく (tojiteoku)close in advance |
| Polite preparation | とじておきます (tojiteokimasu)close in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | とじたことがある (tojitakotogaaru)have the experience of: closed |
| Polite past experience | とじたことがあります (tojitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: closed |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | とじると (tojiruto)whenever you close |
| Polite automatic result | とじますと (tojimasuto)whenever you close |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | とじるなら (tojirunara)if you mean to close |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | とじるだろう (tojirudarou)probably close |
| Polite probability | とじるでしょう (tojirudeshou)probably close |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | とじろ (tojiro)close! |
| Polite request | とじてください (tojitekudasai)please close |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.