Japanese reference
閉める
しめる
to close
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | しめる (shimeru)close |
| Polite, masu | しめます (shimemasu)close |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | しめない (shimenai)do not close |
| Polite negative | しめません (shimemasen)do not close |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | しめた (shimeta)closed |
| Polite past | しめました (shimemashita)closed |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | しめなかった (shimenakatta)did not close |
| Polite past negative | しめませんでした (shimemasendeshita)did not close |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | しめて (shimete)closing (and then) |
| Polite te-form | しめまして (shimemashite)closing (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | しめている (shimeteiru)be closing |
| Polite te-iru | しめています (shimeteimasu)be closing |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | しめれば (shimereba)if you close |
| Rare literary polite conditional | しめますれば (shimemasureba)if you close (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | しめたら (shimetara)if you close |
| Polite conditional, tara | しめましたら (shimemashitara)if you close |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | しめられる (shimerareru)can close |
| Polite potential | しめられます (shimeraremasu)can close |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | しめよう (shimeyou)let's close! |
| Polite volitional | しめましょう (shimemashou)let's close! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | しめたい (shimetai)want to close |
| Polite desire, tai | しめたいです (shimetaidesu)want to close |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | しめられる (shimerareru)be closed |
| Polite passive | しめられます (shimeraremasu)be closed |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | しめさせる (shimesaseru)make or let someone close |
| Polite causative | しめさせます (shimesasemasu)make or let someone close |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | しめさせられる (shimesaserareru)be made to close |
| Polite causative-passive | しめさせられます (shimesaseraremasu)be made to close |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | しめるな (shimeruna)do not close! |
| Polite negative request | しめないでください (shimenaidekudasai)please do not close |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | しめます (shimemasu)close |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | しめません (shimemasen)do not close |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | しめました (shimemashita)closed |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | しめませんでした (shimemasendeshita)did not close |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | しめてください (shimetekudasai)please close |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | しめないでください (shimenaidekudasai)please do not close |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | しめましょう (shimemashou)let's close! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | しめてもいい (shimetemoii)may close |
| Polite permission | しめてもいいです (shimetemoiidesu)may close |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | しめてはいけない (shimetehaikenai)must not close |
| Polite prohibition | しめてはいけません (shimetehaikemasen)must not close |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | しめなさい (shimenasai)close (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | しめてみる (shimetemiru)try to close |
| Polite try doing | しめてみます (shimetemimasu)try to close |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | しめてしまう (shimeteshimau)close completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | しめてしまいます (shimeteshimaimasu)close completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | しめておく (shimeteoku)close in advance |
| Polite preparation | しめておきます (shimeteokimasu)close in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | しめたことがある (shimetakotogaaru)have the experience of: closed |
| Polite past experience | しめたことがあります (shimetakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: closed |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | しめると (shimeruto)whenever you close |
| Polite automatic result | しめますと (shimemasuto)whenever you close |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | しめるなら (shimerunara)if you mean to close |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | しめるだろう (shimerudarou)probably close |
| Polite probability | しめるでしょう (shimerudeshou)probably close |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | しめろ (shimero)close! |
| Polite request | しめてください (shimetekudasai)please close |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.