Korean reference
앞두다
apduda
to have ahead; to be approaching
Regular · 21 form tables
Includes verbs and adjectives. Rows show speech levels and constructions, rather than personal pronouns. Honorific forms refer to a respected subject.
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Tense
Present
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | apdwoyohave something ahead |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | apdumnidahave something ahead |
| 해체, casual level | apdwohave something ahead |
| 한다체, plain written level | apdundahave something ahead |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | apdwosseoyohad something ahead |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | apdwotseumnidahad something ahead |
| 해체, casual level | apdwosseohad something ahead |
| 한다체, plain written level | apdwotdahad something ahead |
Future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | apdul geoyeyowill have something ahead |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | apdul geomnidawill have something ahead |
| 해체, casual level | apdul geoyawill have something ahead |
| 한다체, plain written level | apdul geosidawill have something ahead |
Intention / conjecture
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | apdugesseoyowill probably have something ahead |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | apdugetseumnidawill probably have something ahead |
| 해체, casual level | apdugesseowill probably have something ahead |
| 한다체, plain written level | apdugetdawill probably have something ahead |
Progressive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | apdugo isseoyobe having something ahead |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | apdugo itseumnidabe having something ahead |
| 해체, casual level | apdugo isseobe having something ahead |
| 한다체, plain written level | apdugo itdabe having something ahead |
Negative
Short negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | an apdwoyodo not have something ahead |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | an apdumnidado not have something ahead |
| 해체, casual level | an apdwodo not have something ahead |
| 한다체, plain written level | an apdundado not have something ahead |
Long negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | apduji anayodo not have something ahead |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | apduji anseumnidado not have something ahead |
| 해체, casual level | apduji anado not have something ahead |
| 한다체, plain written level | apduji anneundado not have something ahead |
Endings
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | apduseyohe/she has something ahead (honorific) |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | apdusimnidahe/she has something ahead (honorific) |
| 해체, casual level | apdusyeohe/she has something ahead (honorific) |
| 한다체, plain written level | apdusindahe/she has something ahead (honorific) |
Wish
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | apdugo sipeoyoI want to have something ahead |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | apdugo sipseumnidaI want to have something ahead |
| 해체, casual level | apdugo sipeoI want to have something ahead |
| 한다체, plain written level | apdugo sipdaI want to have something ahead |
Question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | apdwoyo?do you have something ahead? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | apdumnikka?do you have something ahead? |
| 해체, casual level | apdwo?do you have something ahead? |
| 한다체, plain written level | apduni?do you have something ahead? |
Past question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | apdwosseoyo?did you have something ahead? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | apdwotseumnikka?did you have something ahead? |
| 해체, casual level | apdwosseo?did you have something ahead? |
| 한다체, plain written level | apdwonni?did you have something ahead? |
Shall I?
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | apdulkkayo?shall I have something ahead? |
| 해체, casual level | apdulkka?shall I have something ahead? |
Linking
And
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | apdugoI have something ahead, and |
And so / because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | apdwoseobecause I have something ahead |
If
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | apdumyeonif you have something ahead |
But
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | apdujimanI have something ahead, but |
Because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | apdunikkabecause I have something ahead |
Background
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | apduneundeI have something ahead (background) |
Modifier
Present noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | apduneunhave something ahead (before a noun) |
Past noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | apdunhad something ahead (before a noun) |
Future noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | apdulwill have something ahead (before a noun) |
Additional forms
Additional honorific forms
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Saying it happened (았/었) | apdusyeosseoyohe/she had something ahead (honorific) |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Korean entries.