Korean reference
이다
ida
to be (identifying someone or something)
Irregular · 18 form tables
Includes verbs and adjectives. Rows show speech levels and constructions, rather than personal pronouns. Honorific forms refer to a respected subject.
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Tense
Present
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ieyobe |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | imnidabe |
| 해체, casual level | iyabe |
| 한다체, plain written level | idabe |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ieosseoyowas |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | ieotseumnidawas |
| 해체, casual level | ieosseowas |
| 한다체, plain written level | ieotdawas |
Future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | il geoyeyowill be |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | il geomnidawill be |
| 해체, casual level | il geoyawill be |
| 한다체, plain written level | il geosidawill be |
Intention / conjecture
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | igesseoyowill probably be |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | igetseumnidawill probably be |
| 해체, casual level | igesseowill probably be |
| 한다체, plain written level | igetdawill probably be |
Negative
Short negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | anieyobe not |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | animnidabe not |
| 해체, casual level | aniyabe not |
| 한다체, plain written level | anidabe not |
Long negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | iji anayobe not |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | iji anseumnidabe not |
| 해체, casual level | iji anabe not |
| 한다체, plain written level | iji antabe not |
Endings
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | iseyohe/she is (honorific) |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | isimnidahe/she is (honorific) |
| 해체, casual level | isyeohe/she is (honorific) |
| 한다체, plain written level | isidahe/she is (honorific) |
Question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ieyo?are you? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | imnikka?are you? |
| 해체, casual level | iya?are you? |
| 한다체, plain written level | ini?are you? |
Past question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ieosseoyo?were you? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | ieotseumnikka?were you? |
| 해체, casual level | ieosseo?were you? |
| 한다체, plain written level | ieonni?were you? |
Linking
And
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | igoI am, and |
And so / because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | iraseobecause I am |
If
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | imyeonif you are |
But
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | ijimanI am, but |
Because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | inikkabecause I am |
Background
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | indeI am (background) |
Modifier
Present noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | inbe (before a noun) |
Past noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | ieotdeonwas (before a noun) |
Future noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | ilwill be (before a noun) |
Additional forms
After a vowel ending noun
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | yeyobe |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | imnidabe |
| 해체, casual level | yabe |
| 한다체, plain written level | dabe |
Additional honorific forms
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Stating it now | haksaengiseyois a student (polite, honorific) |
| Saying it happened (았/었) | haksaengisyeosseoyowas a student (polite, honorific) |
| Saying it will happen ((으)ㄹ 거) | haksaengisil geoyeyowill be a student; is probably a student (polite, honorific) |
| Guessing or offering (겠) | haksaengisigesseoyois probably a student (polite, honorific) |
| Negative expression | haksaengi aniseyois not a student (polite, honorific) |
| Asking | haksaengiseyo?is a student? (polite, honorific) |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Korean entries.