Korean reference
읽다
ikda
to read
Regular · 24 form tables
Includes verbs and adjectives. Rows show speech levels and constructions, rather than personal pronouns. Honorific forms refer to a respected subject.
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Tense
Present
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ilgeoyoread |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | ikseumnidaread |
| 해체, casual level | ilgeoread |
| 한다체, plain written level | ingneundaread |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ilgeosseoyoread |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | ilgeotseumnidaread |
| 해체, casual level | ilgeosseoread |
| 한다체, plain written level | ilgeotdaread |
Future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ilgeul geoyeyowill read |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | ilgeul geomnidawill read |
| 해체, casual level | ilgeul geoyawill read |
| 한다체, plain written level | ilgeul geosidawill read |
Intention / conjecture
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ilgesseoyowill probably read |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | ilgetseumnidawill probably read |
| 해체, casual level | ilgesseowill probably read |
| 한다체, plain written level | ilgetdawill probably read |
Progressive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ilgo isseoyobe reading |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | ilgo itseumnidabe reading |
| 해체, casual level | ilgo isseobe reading |
| 한다체, plain written level | ilgo itdabe reading |
Negative
Short negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | an ilgeoyodo not read |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | an ikseumnidado not read |
| 해체, casual level | an ilgeodo not read |
| 한다체, plain written level | an ingneundado not read |
Long negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ikji anayodo not read |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | ikji anseumnidado not read |
| 해체, casual level | ikji anado not read |
| 한다체, plain written level | ikji anneundado not read |
Endings
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ilgeuseyohe/she reads (honorific) |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | ilgeusimnidahe/she reads (honorific) |
| 해체, casual level | ilgeusyeohe/she reads (honorific) |
| 한다체, plain written level | ilgeusindahe/she reads (honorific) |
Wish
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ilgo sipeoyoI want to read |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | ilgo sipseumnidaI want to read |
| 해체, casual level | ilgo sipeoI want to read |
| 한다체, plain written level | ilgo sipdaI want to read |
Question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ilgeoyo?do you read? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | ikseumnikka?do you read? |
| 해체, casual level | ilgeo?do you read? |
| 한다체, plain written level | ingni?do you read? |
Past question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ilgeosseoyo?did you read? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | ilgeotseumnikka?did you read? |
| 해체, casual level | ilgeosseo?did you read? |
| 한다체, plain written level | ilgeonni?did you read? |
Request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ilgeuseyoread! |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | ilgeusipsioread! |
| 해체, casual level | ilgeoread! |
| 한다체, plain written level | ilgeoraread! |
Proposal
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ilgeoyolet's read! |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | ilgeupsidalet's read! |
| 해체, casual level | ikjalet's read! |
| 한다체, plain written level | ikjalet's read! |
Promise
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ilgeulgeyoI will read |
| 해체, casual level | ilgeulgeI will read |
Shall I?
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | ilgeulkkayo?shall I read? |
| 해체, casual level | ilgeulkka?shall I read? |
Linking
And
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | ilgoI read, and |
And so / because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | ilgeoseobecause I read |
If
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | ilgeumyeonif you read |
But
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | ikjimanI read, but |
Because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | ilgeunikkabecause I read |
Background
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | ingneundeI read (background) |
Modifier
Present noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | ingneunread (before a noun) |
Past noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | ilgeunread (before a noun) |
Future noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | ilgeulwill read (before a noun) |
Additional forms
Additional honorific forms
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Saying it happened (았/었) | ilgeusyeosseoyoread (past, polite, honorific) |
| Saying it will happen ((으)ㄹ 거) | ilgeusil geoyeyowill read (polite, honorific) |
| Guessing or offering (겠) | ilgeusigesseoyowill read (polite, honorific, intention or guess) |
| Negative expression | an ilgeuseyodo not read (polite, honorific) |
| Asking | ilgeuseyo?read? (polite, honorific) |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Korean entries.