Korean reference
죄송하다
joesonghada
to be sorry (formal)
Adjective · Irregular · 18 form tables
Includes verbs and adjectives. Rows show speech levels and constructions, rather than personal pronouns. Honorific forms refer to a respected subject.
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Tense
Present
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | joesonghaeyoam/is/are sorry |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | joesonghamnidaam/is/are sorry |
| 해체, casual level | joesonghaeam/is/are sorry |
| 한다체, plain written level | joesonghadaam/is/are sorry |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | joesonghaesseoyowas/were sorry |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | joesonghaetseumnidawas/were sorry |
| 해체, casual level | joesonghaesseowas/were sorry |
| 한다체, plain written level | joesonghaetdawas/were sorry |
Future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | joesonghal geoyeyowill be sorry |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | joesonghal geomnidawill be sorry |
| 해체, casual level | joesonghal geoyawill be sorry |
| 한다체, plain written level | joesonghal geosidawill be sorry |
Intention / conjecture
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | joesonghagesseoyowill probably be sorry |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | joesonghagetseumnidawill probably be sorry |
| 해체, casual level | joesonghagesseowill probably be sorry |
| 한다체, plain written level | joesonghagetdawill probably be sorry |
Negative
Short negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | an joesonghaeyonot be sorry |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | an joesonghamnidanot be sorry |
| 해체, casual level | an joesonghaenot be sorry |
| 한다체, plain written level | an joesonghadanot be sorry |
Long negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | joesonghaji anayonot be sorry |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | joesonghaji anseumnidanot be sorry |
| 해체, casual level | joesonghaji ananot be sorry |
| 한다체, plain written level | joesonghaji antanot be sorry |
Endings
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | joesonghaseyohe/she is sorry (honorific) |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | joesonghasimnidahe/she is sorry (honorific) |
| 해체, casual level | joesonghasyeohe/she is sorry (honorific) |
| 한다체, plain written level | joesonghasidahe/she is sorry (honorific) |
Question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | joesonghaeyo?are you sorry? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | joesonghamnikka?are you sorry? |
| 해체, casual level | joesonghae?are you sorry? |
| 한다체, plain written level | joesonghani?are you sorry? |
Past question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | joesonghaesseoyo?were you sorry? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | joesonghaetseumnikka?were you sorry? |
| 해체, casual level | joesonghaesseo?were you sorry? |
| 한다체, plain written level | joesonghaenni?were you sorry? |
Linking
And
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | joesonghagoI am sorry, and |
And so / because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | joesonghaeseobecause I am sorry |
If
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | joesonghamyeonif you are sorry |
But
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | joesonghajimanI am sorry, but |
Because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | joesonghanikkabecause I am sorry |
Background
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | joesonghandeI am sorry (background) |
Modifier
Present noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | joesonghanbe sorry (before a noun) |
Past noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | joesonghaetdeonwas sorry (before a noun) |
Future noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | joesonghalwill be sorry (before a noun) |
Additional forms
Additional honorific forms
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Saying it happened (았/었) | joesonghasyeosseoyohe/she was/were sorry (honorific) |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Korean entries.