Korean reference
친하다
chinhada
to be close (with someone)
Adjective · Irregular · 18 form tables
Includes verbs and adjectives. Rows show speech levels and constructions, rather than personal pronouns. Honorific forms refer to a respected subject.
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Tense
Present
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chinhaeyoam/is/are close |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chinhamnidaam/is/are close |
| 해체, casual level | chinhaeam/is/are close |
| 한다체, plain written level | chinhadaam/is/are close |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chinhaesseoyowas/were close |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chinhaetseumnidawas/were close |
| 해체, casual level | chinhaesseowas/were close |
| 한다체, plain written level | chinhaetdawas/were close |
Future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chinhal geoyeyowill be close |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chinhal geomnidawill be close |
| 해체, casual level | chinhal geoyawill be close |
| 한다체, plain written level | chinhal geosidawill be close |
Intention / conjecture
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chinhagesseoyowill probably be close |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chinhagetseumnidawill probably be close |
| 해체, casual level | chinhagesseowill probably be close |
| 한다체, plain written level | chinhagetdawill probably be close |
Negative
Short negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | an chinhaeyonot be close |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | an chinhamnidanot be close |
| 해체, casual level | an chinhaenot be close |
| 한다체, plain written level | an chinhadanot be close |
Long negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chinhaji anayonot be close |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chinhaji anseumnidanot be close |
| 해체, casual level | chinhaji ananot be close |
| 한다체, plain written level | chinhaji antanot be close |
Endings
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chinhaseyohe/she is close (honorific) |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chinhasimnidahe/she is close (honorific) |
| 해체, casual level | chinhasyeohe/she is close (honorific) |
| 한다체, plain written level | chinhasidahe/she is close (honorific) |
Question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chinhaeyo?are you close? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chinhamnikka?are you close? |
| 해체, casual level | chinhae?are you close? |
| 한다체, plain written level | chinhani?are you close? |
Past question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chinhaesseoyo?were you close? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chinhaetseumnikka?were you close? |
| 해체, casual level | chinhaesseo?were you close? |
| 한다체, plain written level | chinhaenni?were you close? |
Linking
And
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chinhagoI am close, and |
And so / because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chinhaeseobecause I am close |
If
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chinhamyeonif you are close |
But
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chinhajimanI am close, but |
Because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chinhanikkabecause I am close |
Background
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chinhandeI am close (background) |
Modifier
Present noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chinhanbe close (before a noun) |
Past noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chinhaetdeonwas close (before a noun) |
Future noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chinhalwill be close (before a noun) |
Additional forms
Additional honorific forms
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Saying it happened (았/었) | chinhasyeosseoyohe/she was/were close (honorific) |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Korean entries.