Korean reference
힘쓰다
himsseuda
to strive; to make an effort
Irregular · 24 form tables
Includes verbs and adjectives. Rows show speech levels and constructions, rather than personal pronouns. Honorific forms refer to a respected subject.
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Tense
Present
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | himsseoyostrive |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | himsseumnidastrive |
| 해체, casual level | himsseostrive |
| 한다체, plain written level | himsseundastrive |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | himsseosseoyostrove |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | himsseotseumnidastrove |
| 해체, casual level | himsseosseostrove |
| 한다체, plain written level | himsseotdastrove |
Future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | himsseul geoyeyowill strive |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | himsseul geomnidawill strive |
| 해체, casual level | himsseul geoyawill strive |
| 한다체, plain written level | himsseul geosidawill strive |
Intention / conjecture
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | himsseugesseoyowill probably strive |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | himsseugetseumnidawill probably strive |
| 해체, casual level | himsseugesseowill probably strive |
| 한다체, plain written level | himsseugetdawill probably strive |
Progressive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | himsseugo isseoyobe striving |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | himsseugo itseumnidabe striving |
| 해체, casual level | himsseugo isseobe striving |
| 한다체, plain written level | himsseugo itdabe striving |
Negative
Short negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | an himsseoyodo not strive |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | an himsseumnidado not strive |
| 해체, casual level | an himsseodo not strive |
| 한다체, plain written level | an himsseundado not strive |
Long negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | himsseuji anayodo not strive |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | himsseuji anseumnidado not strive |
| 해체, casual level | himsseuji anado not strive |
| 한다체, plain written level | himsseuji anneundado not strive |
Endings
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | himsseuseyohe/she strives (honorific) |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | himsseusimnidahe/she strives (honorific) |
| 해체, casual level | himsseusyeohe/she strives (honorific) |
| 한다체, plain written level | himsseusindahe/she strives (honorific) |
Wish
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | himsseugo sipeoyoI want to strive |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | himsseugo sipseumnidaI want to strive |
| 해체, casual level | himsseugo sipeoI want to strive |
| 한다체, plain written level | himsseugo sipdaI want to strive |
Question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | himsseoyo?do you strive? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | himsseumnikka?do you strive? |
| 해체, casual level | himsseo?do you strive? |
| 한다체, plain written level | himsseuni?do you strive? |
Past question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | himsseosseoyo?did you strive? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | himsseotseumnikka?did you strive? |
| 해체, casual level | himsseosseo?did you strive? |
| 한다체, plain written level | himsseonni?did you strive? |
Request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | himsseuseyostrive! |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | himsseusipsiostrive! |
| 해체, casual level | himsseostrive! |
| 한다체, plain written level | himsseorastrive! |
Proposal
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | himsseoyolet's strive! |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | himsseupsidalet's strive! |
| 해체, casual level | himsseujalet's strive! |
| 한다체, plain written level | himsseujalet's strive! |
Promise
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | himsseulgeyoI will strive |
| 해체, casual level | himsseulgeI will strive |
Shall I?
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | himsseulkkayo?shall I strive? |
| 해체, casual level | himsseulkka?shall I strive? |
Linking
And
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | himsseugoI strive, and |
And so / because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | himsseoseobecause I strive |
If
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | himsseumyeonif you strive |
But
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | himsseujimanI strive, but |
Because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | himsseunikkabecause I strive |
Background
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | himsseuneundeI strive (background) |
Modifier
Present noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | himsseuneunstrive (before a noun) |
Past noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | himsseunstrove (before a noun) |
Future noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | himsseulwill strive (before a noun) |
Additional forms
Additional honorific forms
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Saying it happened (았/었) | himsseusyeosseoyohe/she strove (honorific) |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Korean entries.