Japanese reference
借りる
かりる
to borrow
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | かりる (kariru)borrow |
| Polite, masu | かります (karimasu)borrow |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | かりない (karinai)do not borrow |
| Polite negative | かりません (karimasen)do not borrow |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | かりた (karita)borrowed |
| Polite past | かりました (karimashita)borrowed |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | かりなかった (karinakatta)did not borrow |
| Polite past negative | かりませんでした (karimasendeshita)did not borrow |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | かりて (karite)borrowing (and then) |
| Polite te-form | かりまして (karimashite)borrowing (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | かりている (kariteiru)have borrowed |
| Polite te-iru | かりています (kariteimasu)have borrowed |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | かりれば (karireba)if you borrow |
| Rare literary polite conditional | かりますれば (karimasureba)if you borrow (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | かりたら (karitara)if you borrow |
| Polite conditional, tara | かりましたら (karimashitara)if you borrow |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | かりられる (karirareru)can borrow |
| Polite potential | かりられます (kariraremasu)can borrow |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | かりよう (kariyou)let's borrow! |
| Polite volitional | かりましょう (karimashou)let's borrow! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | かりたい (karitai)want to borrow |
| Polite desire, tai | かりたいです (karitaidesu)want to borrow |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | かりられる (karirareru)be borrowed |
| Polite passive | かりられます (kariraremasu)be borrowed |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | かりさせる (karisaseru)make or let someone borrow |
| Polite causative | かりさせます (karisasemasu)make or let someone borrow |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | かりさせられる (karisaserareru)be made to borrow |
| Polite causative-passive | かりさせられます (karisaseraremasu)be made to borrow |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | かりるな (kariruna)do not borrow! |
| Polite negative request | かりないでください (karinaidekudasai)please do not borrow |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | かります (karimasu)borrow |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | かりません (karimasen)do not borrow |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | かりました (karimashita)borrowed |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | かりませんでした (karimasendeshita)did not borrow |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | かりてください (karitekudasai)please borrow |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | かりないでください (karinaidekudasai)please do not borrow |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | かりましょう (karimashou)let's borrow! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | かりてもいい (karitemoii)may borrow |
| Polite permission | かりてもいいです (karitemoiidesu)may borrow |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | かりてはいけない (karitehaikenai)must not borrow |
| Polite prohibition | かりてはいけません (karitehaikemasen)must not borrow |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | かりなさい (karinasai)borrow (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | かりてみる (karitemiru)try to borrow |
| Polite try doing | かりてみます (karitemimasu)try to borrow |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | かりてしまう (kariteshimau)borrow completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | かりてしまいます (kariteshimaimasu)borrow completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | かりておく (kariteoku)borrow in advance |
| Polite preparation | かりておきます (kariteokimasu)borrow in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | かりたことがある (karitakotogaaru)have the experience of: borrowed |
| Polite past experience | かりたことがあります (karitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: borrowed |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | かりると (kariruto)whenever you borrow |
| Polite automatic result | かりますと (karimasuto)whenever you borrow |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | かりるなら (karirunara)if you mean to borrow |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | かりるだろう (karirudarou)probably borrow |
| Polite probability | かりるでしょう (karirudeshou)probably borrow |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | かりろ (kariro)borrow! |
| Polite request | かりてください (karitekudasai)please borrow |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.