Japanese reference
取り組む
とりくむ
to work on; to tackle
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
Audio requires a compatible voice in your browser.
Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | とりくむ (torikumu)work on |
| Polite, masu | とりくみます (torikumimasu)work on |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | とりくまない (torikumanai)do not work on |
| Polite negative | とりくみません (torikumimasen)do not work on |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | とりくんだ (torikunda)worked on |
| Polite past | とりくみました (torikumimashita)worked on |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | とりくまなかった (torikumanakatta)did not work on |
| Polite past negative | とりくみませんでした (torikumimasendeshita)did not work on |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | とりくんで (torikunde)working on (and then) |
| Polite te-form | とりくみまして (torikumimashite)working on (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | とりくんでいる (torikundeiru)be working on |
| Polite te-iru | とりくんでいます (torikundeimasu)be working on |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | とりくめば (torikumeba)if you work on |
| Rare literary polite conditional | とりくみますれば (torikumimasureba)if you work on (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | とりくんだら (torikundara)if you work on |
| Polite conditional, tara | とりくみましたら (torikumimashitara)if you work on |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | とりくめる (torikumeru)can work on |
| Polite potential | とりくめます (torikumemasu)can work on |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | とりくもう (torikumou)let's work on! |
| Polite volitional | とりくみましょう (torikumimashou)let's work on! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | とりくみたい (torikumitai)want to work on |
| Polite desire, tai | とりくみたいです (torikumitaidesu)want to work on |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | とりくまれる (torikumareru)be affected when someone works on |
| Polite passive | とりくまれます (torikumaremasu)be affected when someone works on |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | とりくませる (torikumaseru)make or let someone work on |
| Polite causative | とりくませます (torikumasemasu)make or let someone work on |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | とりくませられる (torikumaserareru)be made to work on |
| Polite causative-passive | とりくませられます (torikumaseraremasu)be made to work on |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | とりくむな (torikumuna)do not work on! |
| Polite negative request | とりくまないでください (torikumanaidekudasai)please do not work on |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | とりくみます (torikumimasu)work on |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | とりくみません (torikumimasen)do not work on |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | とりくみました (torikumimashita)worked on |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | とりくみませんでした (torikumimasendeshita)did not work on |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | とりくんでください (torikundekudasai)please work on |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | とりくまないでください (torikumanaidekudasai)please do not work on |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | とりくみましょう (torikumimashou)let's work on! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | とりくんでもいい (torikundemoii)may work on |
| Polite permission | とりくんでもいいです (torikundemoiidesu)may work on |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | とりくんではいけない (torikundehaikenai)must not work on |
| Polite prohibition | とりくんではいけません (torikundehaikemasen)must not work on |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | とりくみなさい (torikuminasai)work on (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | とりくんでみる (torikundemiru)try to work on |
| Polite try doing | とりくんでみます (torikundemimasu)try to work on |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | とりくんでしまう (torikundeshimau)work on completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | とりくんでしまいます (torikundeshimaimasu)work on completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | とりくんでおく (torikundeoku)work on in advance |
| Polite preparation | とりくんでおきます (torikundeokimasu)work on in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | とりくんだことがある (torikundakotogaaru)have the experience of: worked on |
| Polite past experience | とりくんだことがあります (torikundakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: worked on |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | とりくむと (torikumuto)whenever you work on |
| Polite automatic result | とりくみますと (torikumimasuto)whenever you work on |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | とりくむなら (torikumunara)if you mean to work on |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | とりくむだろう (torikumudarou)probably work on |
| Polite probability | とりくむでしょう (torikumudeshou)probably work on |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | とりくめ (torikume)work on! |
| Polite request | とりくんでください (torikundekudasai)please work on |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.