Japanese reference
壊す
こわす
to break something
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | こわす (kowasu)break something |
| Polite, masu | こわします (kowashimasu)break something |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | こわさない (kowasanai)do not break something |
| Polite negative | こわしません (kowashimasen)do not break something |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | こわした (kowashita)broke something |
| Polite past | こわしました (kowashimashita)broke something |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | こわさなかった (kowasanakatta)did not break something |
| Polite past negative | こわしませんでした (kowashimasendeshita)did not break something |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | こわして (kowashite)breaking something (and then) |
| Polite te-form | こわしまして (kowashimashite)breaking something (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | こわしている (kowashiteiru)be breaking something |
| Polite te-iru | こわしています (kowashiteimasu)be breaking something |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | こわせば (kowaseba)if you break something |
| Rare literary polite conditional | こわしますれば (kowashimasureba)if you break something (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | こわしたら (kowashitara)if you break something |
| Polite conditional, tara | こわしましたら (kowashimashitara)if you break something |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | こわせる (kowaseru)can break something |
| Polite potential | こわせます (kowasemasu)can break something |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | こわそう (kowasou)let's break something! |
| Polite volitional | こわしましょう (kowashimashou)let's break something! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | こわしたい (kowashitai)want to break something |
| Polite desire, tai | こわしたいです (kowashitaidesu)want to break something |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | こわされる (kowasareru)be affected when someone breaks something |
| Polite passive | こわされます (kowasaremasu)be affected when someone breaks something |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | こわさせる (kowasaseru)make or let someone break something |
| Polite causative | こわさせます (kowasasemasu)make or let someone break something |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | こわさせられる (kowasaserareru)be made to break something |
| Polite causative-passive | こわさせられます (kowasaseraremasu)be made to break something |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | こわすな (kowasuna)do not break something! |
| Polite negative request | こわさないでください (kowasanaidekudasai)please do not break something |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | こわします (kowashimasu)break something |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | こわしません (kowashimasen)do not break something |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | こわしました (kowashimashita)broke something |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | こわしませんでした (kowashimasendeshita)did not break something |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | こわしてください (kowashitekudasai)please break something |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | こわさないでください (kowasanaidekudasai)please do not break something |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | こわしましょう (kowashimashou)let's break something! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | こわしてもいい (kowashitemoii)may break something |
| Polite permission | こわしてもいいです (kowashitemoiidesu)may break something |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | こわしてはいけない (kowashitehaikenai)must not break something |
| Polite prohibition | こわしてはいけません (kowashitehaikemasen)must not break something |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | こわしなさい (kowashinasai)break something (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | こわしてみる (kowashitemiru)try to break something |
| Polite try doing | こわしてみます (kowashitemimasu)try to break something |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | こわしてしまう (kowashiteshimau)break something completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | こわしてしまいます (kowashiteshimaimasu)break something completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | こわしておく (kowashiteoku)break something in advance |
| Polite preparation | こわしておきます (kowashiteokimasu)break something in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | こわしたことがある (kowashitakotogaaru)have the experience of: broke something |
| Polite past experience | こわしたことがあります (kowashitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: broke something |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | こわすと (kowasuto)whenever you break something |
| Polite automatic result | こわしますと (kowashimasuto)whenever you break something |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | こわすなら (kowasunara)if you mean to break something |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | こわすだろう (kowasudarou)probably break something |
| Polite probability | こわすでしょう (kowasudeshou)probably break something |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | こわせ (kowase)break something! |
| Polite request | こわしてください (kowashitekudasai)please break something |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.