Japanese reference
壊れる
こわれる
to break, be broken
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | こわれる (kowareru)break |
| Polite, masu | こわれます (kowaremasu)break |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | こわれない (kowarenai)do not break |
| Polite negative | こわれません (kowaremasen)do not break |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | こわれた (kowareta)broke |
| Polite past | こわれました (kowaremashita)broke |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | こわれなかった (kowarenakatta)did not break |
| Polite past negative | こわれませんでした (kowaremasendeshita)did not break |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | こわれて (kowarete)breaking (and then) |
| Polite te-form | こわれまして (kowaremashite)breaking (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | こわれている (kowareteiru)be broken |
| Polite te-iru | こわれています (kowareteimasu)be broken |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | こわれれば (kowarereba)if you break |
| Rare literary polite conditional | こわれますれば (kowaremasureba)if you break (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | こわれたら (kowaretara)if you break |
| Polite conditional, tara | こわれましたら (kowaremashitara)if you break |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | こわれられる (kowarerareru)can break |
| Polite potential | こわれられます (kowareraremasu)can break |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | こわれよう (kowareyou)let's break! |
| Polite volitional | こわれましょう (kowaremashou)let's break! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | こわれたい (kowaretai)want to break |
| Polite desire, tai | こわれたいです (kowaretaidesu)want to break |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | こわれられる (kowarerareru)be affected when someone breaks |
| Polite passive | こわれられます (kowareraremasu)be affected when someone breaks |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | こわれさせる (kowaresaseru)make or let someone break |
| Polite causative | こわれさせます (kowaresasemasu)make or let someone break |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | こわれさせられる (kowaresaserareru)be made to break |
| Polite causative-passive | こわれさせられます (kowaresaseraremasu)be made to break |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | こわれるな (kowareruna)do not break! |
| Polite negative request | こわれないでください (kowarenaidekudasai)please do not break |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | こわれます (kowaremasu)break |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | こわれません (kowaremasen)do not break |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | こわれました (kowaremashita)broke |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | こわれませんでした (kowaremasendeshita)did not break |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | こわれてください (kowaretekudasai)please break |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | こわれないでください (kowarenaidekudasai)please do not break |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | こわれましょう (kowaremashou)let's break! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | こわれてもいい (kowaretemoii)may break |
| Polite permission | こわれてもいいです (kowaretemoiidesu)may break |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | こわれてはいけない (kowaretehaikenai)must not break |
| Polite prohibition | こわれてはいけません (kowaretehaikemasen)must not break |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | こわれなさい (kowarenasai)break (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | こわれてみる (kowaretemiru)try to break |
| Polite try doing | こわれてみます (kowaretemimasu)try to break |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | こわれてしまう (kowareteshimau)break completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | こわれてしまいます (kowareteshimaimasu)break completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | こわれておく (kowareteoku)break in advance |
| Polite preparation | こわれておきます (kowareteokimasu)break in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | こわれたことがある (kowaretakotogaaru)have the experience of: broke |
| Polite past experience | こわれたことがあります (kowaretakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: broke |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | こわれると (kowareruto)whenever you break |
| Polite automatic result | こわれますと (kowaremasuto)whenever you break |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | こわれるなら (kowarerunara)if you mean to break |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | こわれるだろう (kowarerudarou)probably break |
| Polite probability | こわれるでしょう (kowarerudeshou)probably break |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | こわれろ (kowarero)break! |
| Polite request | こわれてください (kowaretekudasai)please break |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.