Japanese reference
担う
になう
to shoulder; to bear
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | になう (ninau)shoulder |
| Polite, masu | にないます (ninaimasu)shoulder |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | になわない (ninawanai)do not shoulder |
| Polite negative | にないません (ninaimasen)do not shoulder |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | になった (ninatta)shouldered |
| Polite past | にないました (ninaimashita)shouldered |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | になわなかった (ninawanakatta)did not shoulder |
| Polite past negative | にないませんでした (ninaimasendeshita)did not shoulder |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | になって (ninatte)shouldering (and then) |
| Polite te-form | にないまして (ninaimashite)shouldering (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | になっている (ninatteiru)be shouldering |
| Polite te-iru | になっています (ninatteimasu)be shouldering |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | になえば (ninaeba)if you shoulder |
| Rare literary polite conditional | にないますれば (ninaimasureba)if you shoulder (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | になったら (ninattara)if you shoulder |
| Polite conditional, tara | にないましたら (ninaimashitara)if you shoulder |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | になえる (ninaeru)can shoulder |
| Polite potential | になえます (ninaemasu)can shoulder |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | になおう (ninaou)let's shoulder! |
| Polite volitional | にないましょう (ninaimashou)let's shoulder! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | にないたい (ninaitai)want to shoulder |
| Polite desire, tai | にないたいです (ninaitaidesu)want to shoulder |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | になわれる (ninawareru)be affected when someone shoulders |
| Polite passive | になわれます (ninawaremasu)be affected when someone shoulders |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | になわせる (ninawaseru)make or let someone shoulder |
| Polite causative | になわせます (ninawasemasu)make or let someone shoulder |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | になわせられる (ninawaserareru)be made to shoulder |
| Polite causative-passive | になわせられます (ninawaseraremasu)be made to shoulder |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | になうな (ninauna)do not shoulder! |
| Polite negative request | になわないでください (ninawanaidekudasai)please do not shoulder |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | にないます (ninaimasu)shoulder |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | にないません (ninaimasen)do not shoulder |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | にないました (ninaimashita)shouldered |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | にないませんでした (ninaimasendeshita)did not shoulder |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | になってください (ninattekudasai)please shoulder |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | になわないでください (ninawanaidekudasai)please do not shoulder |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | にないましょう (ninaimashou)let's shoulder! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | になってもいい (ninattemoii)may shoulder |
| Polite permission | になってもいいです (ninattemoiidesu)may shoulder |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | になってはいけない (ninattehaikenai)must not shoulder |
| Polite prohibition | になってはいけません (ninattehaikemasen)must not shoulder |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | にないなさい (ninainasai)shoulder (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | になってみる (ninattemiru)try to shoulder |
| Polite try doing | になってみます (ninattemimasu)try to shoulder |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | になってしまう (ninatteshimau)shoulder completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | になってしまいます (ninatteshimaimasu)shoulder completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | になっておく (ninatteoku)shoulder in advance |
| Polite preparation | になっておきます (ninatteokimasu)shoulder in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | になったことがある (ninattakotogaaru)have the experience of: shouldered |
| Polite past experience | になったことがあります (ninattakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: shouldered |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | になうと (ninauto)whenever you shoulder |
| Polite automatic result | にないますと (ninaimasuto)whenever you shoulder |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | になうなら (ninaunara)if you mean to shoulder |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | になうだろう (ninaudarou)probably shoulder |
| Polite probability | になうでしょう (ninaudeshou)probably shoulder |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | になえ (ninae)shoulder! |
| Polite request | になってください (ninattekudasai)please shoulder |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.