Japanese reference
飲む
のむ
to drink
Regular · 34 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
Audio requires a compatible voice in your browser.
Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | のむ (nomu)drink (plain) |
| Polite, masu | のみます (nomimasu)drink (polite) |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | のまない (nomanai)do not drink (plain) |
| Polite negative | のみません (nomimasen)do not drink (polite) |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | のんだ (nonda)drank (plain) |
| Polite past | のみました (nomimashita)drank (polite) |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | のまなかった (nomanakatta)did not drink (plain) |
| Polite past negative | のみませんでした (nomimasendeshita)did not drink (polite) |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | のんで (nonde)drink and ... |
| Polite te-form | のみまして (nomimashite)drinking (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | のんでいる (nondeiru)be drinking |
| Polite te-iru | のんでいます (nondeimasu)be drinking |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | のめば (nomeba)if (you) drink |
| Rare literary polite conditional | のみますれば (nomimasureba)if you drink (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | のんだら (nondara)if (you) drink; after drinking |
| Polite conditional, tara | のみましたら (nomimashitara)if you drink |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | のめる (nomeru)can drink |
| Polite potential | のめます (nomemasu)can drink |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | のもう (nomou)let's drink |
| Polite volitional | のみましょう (nomimashou)let's drink! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | のみたい (nomitai)want to drink |
| Polite desire, tai | のみたいです (nomitaidesu)want to drink |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | のまれる (nomareru)be drunk |
| Polite passive | のまれます (nomaremasu)be drunk |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | のませる (nomaseru)make or let someone drink |
| Polite causative | のませます (nomasemasu)make or let someone drink |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | のませられる (nomaserareru)be made to drink |
| Polite causative-passive | のませられます (nomaseraremasu)be made to drink |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | のむな (nomuna)do not drink! |
| Polite negative request | のまないでください (nomanaidekudasai)please do not drink |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | のみます (nomimasu)drink |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | のみません (nomimasen)do not drink |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | のみました (nomimashita)drank |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | のみませんでした (nomimasendeshita)did not drink |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | のんでください (nondekudasai)please drink |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | のまないでください (nomanaidekudasai)please do not drink |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | のみましょう (nomimashou)let's drink! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | のんでもいい (nondemoii)may drink |
| Polite permission | のんでもいいです (nondemoiidesu)may drink |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | のんではいけない (nondehaikenai)must not drink |
| Polite prohibition | のんではいけません (nondehaikemasen)must not drink |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | のみなさい (nominasai)drink (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | のんでみる (nondemiru)try to drink |
| Polite try doing | のんでみます (nondemimasu)try to drink |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | のんでしまう (nondeshimau)drink completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | のんでしまいます (nondeshimaimasu)drink completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | のんでおく (nondeoku)drink in advance |
| Polite preparation | のんでおきます (nondeokimasu)drink in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | のんだことがある (nondakotogaaru)have the experience of: drank |
| Polite past experience | のんだことがあります (nondakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: drank |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | のむと (nomuto)whenever you drink |
| Polite automatic result | のみますと (nomimasuto)whenever you drink |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | のむなら (nomunara)if you mean to drink |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | のむだろう (nomudarou)probably drink |
| Polite probability | のむでしょう (nomudeshou)probably drink |
Respect
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Honorific | めしあがる (meshiagaru)drink (honoring the subject) |
| Polite honorific | めしあがります (meshiagarimasu)drink (honoring the subject) |
Humble
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Humble | いただく (itadaku)drink (humbly) |
| Polite humble | いただきます (itadakimasu)drink (humbly) |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | のめ (nome)drink! (command) |
| Polite request | のんでください (nondekudasai)please drink |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.