Japanese reference
転ぶ
ころぶ
to fall down (lose one's footing)
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | ころぶ (korobu)fall down |
| Polite, masu | ころびます (korobimasu)fall down |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | ころばない (korobanai)do not fall down |
| Polite negative | ころびません (korobimasen)do not fall down |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | ころんだ (koronda)fell down |
| Polite past | ころびました (korobimashita)fell down |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | ころばなかった (korobanakatta)did not fall down |
| Polite past negative | ころびませんでした (korobimasendeshita)did not fall down |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | ころんで (koronde)falling down (and then) |
| Polite te-form | ころびまして (korobimashite)falling down (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | ころんでいる (korondeiru)be falling down |
| Polite te-iru | ころんでいます (korondeimasu)be falling down |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | ころべば (korobeba)if you fall down |
| Rare literary polite conditional | ころびますれば (korobimasureba)if you fall down (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | ころんだら (korondara)if you fall down |
| Polite conditional, tara | ころびましたら (korobimashitara)if you fall down |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | ころべる (koroberu)can fall down |
| Polite potential | ころべます (korobemasu)can fall down |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | ころぼう (korobou)let's fall down! |
| Polite volitional | ころびましょう (korobimashou)let's fall down! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | ころびたい (korobitai)want to fall down |
| Polite desire, tai | ころびたいです (korobitaidesu)want to fall down |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | ころばれる (korobareru)be affected when someone falls down |
| Polite passive | ころばれます (korobaremasu)be affected when someone falls down |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | ころばせる (korobaseru)make or let someone fall down |
| Polite causative | ころばせます (korobasemasu)make or let someone fall down |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | ころばせられる (korobaserareru)be made to fall down |
| Polite causative-passive | ころばせられます (korobaseraremasu)be made to fall down |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | ころぶな (korobuna)do not fall down! |
| Polite negative request | ころばないでください (korobanaidekudasai)please do not fall down |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | ころびます (korobimasu)fall down |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | ころびません (korobimasen)do not fall down |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | ころびました (korobimashita)fell down |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | ころびませんでした (korobimasendeshita)did not fall down |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | ころんでください (korondekudasai)please fall down |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | ころばないでください (korobanaidekudasai)please do not fall down |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | ころびましょう (korobimashou)let's fall down! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | ころんでもいい (korondemoii)may fall down |
| Polite permission | ころんでもいいです (korondemoiidesu)may fall down |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | ころんではいけない (korondehaikenai)must not fall down |
| Polite prohibition | ころんではいけません (korondehaikemasen)must not fall down |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | ころびなさい (korobinasai)fall down (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | ころんでみる (korondemiru)try to fall down |
| Polite try doing | ころんでみます (korondemimasu)try to fall down |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | ころんでしまう (korondeshimau)fall down completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | ころんでしまいます (korondeshimaimasu)fall down completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | ころんでおく (korondeoku)fall down in advance |
| Polite preparation | ころんでおきます (korondeokimasu)fall down in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | ころんだことがある (korondakotogaaru)have the experience of: fell down |
| Polite past experience | ころんだことがあります (korondakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: fell down |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | ころぶと (korobuto)whenever you fall down |
| Polite automatic result | ころびますと (korobimasuto)whenever you fall down |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | ころぶなら (korobunara)if you mean to fall down |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | ころぶだろう (korobudarou)probably fall down |
| Polite probability | ころぶでしょう (korobudeshou)probably fall down |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | ころべ (korobe)fall down! |
| Polite request | ころんでください (korondekudasai)please fall down |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.