Korean reference
공부하다
gongbuhada
to study
Irregular · 24 form tables
Includes verbs and adjectives. Rows show speech levels and constructions, rather than personal pronouns. Honorific forms refer to a respected subject.
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Tense
Present
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gongbuhaeyostudy |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gongbuhamnidastudy |
| 해체, casual level | gongbuhaestudy |
| 한다체, plain written level | gongbuhandastudy |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gongbuhaesseoyostudied |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gongbuhaetseumnidastudied |
| 해체, casual level | gongbuhaesseostudied |
| 한다체, plain written level | gongbuhaetdastudied |
Future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gongbuhal geoyeyowill study |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gongbuhal geomnidawill study |
| 해체, casual level | gongbuhal geoyawill study |
| 한다체, plain written level | gongbuhal geosidawill study |
Intention / conjecture
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gongbuhagesseoyowill probably study |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gongbuhagetseumnidawill probably study |
| 해체, casual level | gongbuhagesseowill probably study |
| 한다체, plain written level | gongbuhagetdawill probably study |
Progressive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gongbuhago isseoyobe studying |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gongbuhago itseumnidabe studying |
| 해체, casual level | gongbuhago isseobe studying |
| 한다체, plain written level | gongbuhago itdabe studying |
Negative
Short negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gongbu an haeyodo not study |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gongbu an hamnidado not study |
| 해체, casual level | gongbu an haedo not study |
| 한다체, plain written level | gongbu an handado not study |
Long negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gongbuhaji anayodo not study |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gongbuhaji anseumnidado not study |
| 해체, casual level | gongbuhaji anado not study |
| 한다체, plain written level | gongbuhaji anneundado not study |
Endings
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gongbuhaseyohe/she studies (honorific) |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gongbuhasimnidahe/she studies (honorific) |
| 해체, casual level | gongbuhasyeohe/she studies (honorific) |
| 한다체, plain written level | gongbuhasindahe/she studies (honorific) |
Wish
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gongbuhago sipeoyoI want to study |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gongbuhago sipseumnidaI want to study |
| 해체, casual level | gongbuhago sipeoI want to study |
| 한다체, plain written level | gongbuhago sipdaI want to study |
Question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gongbuhaeyo?do you study? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gongbuhamnikka?do you study? |
| 해체, casual level | gongbuhae?do you study? |
| 한다체, plain written level | gongbuhani?do you study? |
Past question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gongbuhaesseoyo?did you study? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gongbuhaetseumnikka?did you study? |
| 해체, casual level | gongbuhaesseo?did you study? |
| 한다체, plain written level | gongbuhaenni?did you study? |
Request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gongbuhaseyostudy! |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gongbuhasipsiostudy! |
| 해체, casual level | gongbuhaestudy! |
| 한다체, plain written level | gongbuhaerastudy! |
Proposal
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gongbuhaeyolet's study! |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gongbuhapsidalet's study! |
| 해체, casual level | gongbuhajalet's study! |
| 한다체, plain written level | gongbuhajalet's study! |
Promise
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gongbuhalgeyoI will study |
| 해체, casual level | gongbuhalgeI will study |
Shall I?
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gongbuhalkkayo?shall I study? |
| 해체, casual level | gongbuhalkka?shall I study? |
Linking
And
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gongbuhagoI study, and |
And so / because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gongbuhaeseobecause I study |
If
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gongbuhamyeonif you study |
But
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gongbuhajimanI study, but |
Because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gongbuhanikkabecause I study |
Background
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gongbuhaneundeI study (background) |
Modifier
Present noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gongbuhaneunstudy (before a noun) |
Past noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gongbuhanstudied (before a noun) |
Future noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gongbuhalwill study (before a noun) |
Additional forms
Additional honorific forms
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Saying it happened (았/었) | gongbuhasyeosseoyohe/she studied (honorific) |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Korean entries.